Flange valve

Air emissions from refineries include fugitive emissions of the volatile constituents in crude oil and its fractions, emissions from the burning of fuels in process heaters, and emissions from the various refinery processes themselves. Fugitive emissions occur throughout refmeries and arise from the thousands of potential fugitive emission sources such as valves, pumps, tanks, pressure relief valves, flanges, etc. 

All but two of the bolts Joining the relief valve to the flare header are removed. The sealing plate is then inserted between the relief valve and the flare header. It is secured by special bolts with small heads that pass through the bolt holes in the relief-valve flange but not through the holes in the sealing plate. The last two bolts can then be removed and the relief valve removed. To replace the relief valve the procedure is reversed [2]. 

To ensure that the water flows through the whole of the system as smoothly as possible and with the minimum of turbulence, it is vital that the layout of pipework should be planned before fabrication starts. It should not be the result of haphazard improvisation to avoid more and more obstacles as construction proceeds. Pipe runs should be minimised or run as directly as possible with every effort made to avoid features that might act as turbulence raisers. For this reason the number of flow controllers, process probes, bends, branches, valves, flanges, intrusive fittings, or mechanical deformation or damage to the pipework, should be kept to a minimum. 

It is important to point out that any detachable component (valve, flange, and so on) always introduces a small leak that cannot be disregarded. To reach a good vacuum, the number of detachable joints and valves must be as low as possible. 

Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components — Magnetic Particle Examination Method... 

Check Valves Flanged, Lug, Wafer and Butt-welding... 

Metal Plug Valves — Flanged, Threaded and Welding Ends... 

Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components—Visual Method... 

Fittings, valves flanged components carbon steel A105 or A181 1.0251 St 37.0 1503 A48CP G4051 Cl S25C... 

MSS-S P-55, Quality standard for steel castings for valves, flanges and fittings and other piping components — Visual method. 

The containment system (this includes the piping, analyser cell and all related parts such as valves, flanges etc.), as the constructional part of an analyser which is permanently connected to the process to be monitored and which conducts the gas to be analysed, sometimes in combination with a carrier gas, shall be assessed with respect to its leakage rate (Table 7.1). If there is no oxygen present in this gas, air may be used for dilution. The air flow is... 

Hydrocarbon emissions is an environmental problem which is prominent in some areas of the country. In these areas, pollutant levels occasionally exceed the national ambient air quality standard. One source of these pollutants involves emissions from refineries where about 85 percent of the hydrocarbons emitted to the atmosphere are from fugitive emissions. The principal contributors generally are valves, flanges, pumps, and compressors. Since 1981, valves and flanges must be repaired if they have emission concentrations greater than 10,000 ppm, when measured at the source with a hydrocarbon analyzer. They must be inspected every six months to a year. Pumps and compressors, however, need to be checked every shift to verify that they meet current emission standards. 

Institute LDAR Program Institute a leak detection and repair program for fugitive emissions from process equipment (valves, flanges, pump seals, etc.) and consider costs and benefits. 

Air Point source emission stack, vent (e.g., laboratory hood, distillation unit, reactor, storage tank vent), material loading/unloading operations (including rail cars, tank trucks, and marine vessels). Fugitive emissions pumps, valves, flanges, sample coUection, mechanical seals, relief devices, tanks. Secondary emissions waste and wastewater treatment units, cooling tower, process sewer, sump, spill or leak areas. Equipment wash solvent or water, lab samples. 

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