Types of Name

But note that in 4-(3-quinolinyl)-2-butenoic acid, the unsaturated chain means that substitutive nomenclature has to be used. Forms such as A P-3-quinolinebutanoic acid are obsolete and should not be used. 

Replacement, e.g., azacyclotridecane. Organic replacement names are formed by denoting heteroatoms that replace skeletal atoms of a hydrocarbon molecular skeleton by organic replacement prefixes (Table 3.4). In nomenclature, the prefixes are cited in the order they are given in the table. 

Organic Chemist s Desk Reference, Second Edition 

Elision of vowels is not used in replacement nomenclature, thus pentaoxa- not pentoxa-. Prefixes azonia, oxonia, thionia, etc., denote replacement of a carbon atom by a positively charged atom. 

Replacement names can be used for chains of atoms, usually when there are four or more heteroatoms. They are useful for naming polyethers  

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I I. Drug products have many types of names. Of the following types of names that are applied to drugs, the one that is the official name and refers only to that drug and not to a particular product is the... 

There are three types of names which almost every drug and registered toxin possesses its chemical name, a generic name, and a tradename. 

Table 3 lists the types of names for an antidiabetic drug and for a common insecticide. 

Using the nor- type of names (nor- in the traditional terpene sense of complete stripping of methyl groups from the ring) for ring-carbon skeletons where convenient. 

The historical fixed numbering of the p-menthane carbon skeleton has been used consistently for over 50 years and hence is well established in the literature. The systematic cyclohexane names have also been used, but only infrequently, for some of these monocyclics. Both types of names and the corresponding formulas are given in Chart 5 ... 

The conciseness of the nor- names and their usefulness in the spoken language are obvious. They differ from the systematic bicyclo names only in that a simple nor- name — e.g., norpinane — replaces a more complex systematic name — e.g., bicycloQ3.1.1I]heptane. The position numbers and names of the substituents are identical in the two types of names. The nor names are easier to grasp when spoken, and they also retain familiar terpene names. 

All Formulas Are Oriented According to the Bicyclo Plan No. 1 Carbon Is at Top of Ring and the Numbering Runs Clockwise. Substitution of Bicyclo 2.2. heptane for Norbomane and of BicycloQ2.1. V] hept-2-ene for 2-Norbornene in the Recommended Names Will Give the Systematic BicycloQ2.2. TJheptane Type of Names. 

Allowing the addition of one carbon atom, or at most only two, to a terpene parent compound carbon skeleton for naming compounds as derivatives of that parent" (proposed by L. A. Goldblatt). This principle does not depend on a distinction between like and unlike groups, but is based merely on the number of carbon atoms in the substituents. Therefore, it allows such names as methylpinane, methylenepinane, (chlorometbyl)pinane, and (if two additional carbons are allowed) ethyl-pinane. The first of these four types of names are not allowed by either Proposal I or Proposal II. The other three types are allowed by I but not by II. 

Rule 5 Form the above types of names for all hydrocarbon terpene radicals derived from menthane-type monocyclic hydrocarbons regardless of the position of the point or points of attachment that is, the H or H s may be removed from carbons in the ring or from carbons in the numbered side chains. Use position numbers to designate the position of the point or points of attachment in the radicals. 

Two types of names are often used for the same hydrocarbon derivative. For substitutive names, the hydrocarbon name is written out and the correct prefix or suffix is added for the derivative group. For functional class names, the hydrocarbon is written as a functional group and the derivative is added as a second word. 

Derivatives of benzene can also be named as phenyl derivatives of alkanes, alkenes, alkadienes, alkynes, etc. Examples of these two types of names are shown below. 

The following specialised classes of organic substances or types of names were subject to changes during the twelfth (1987-1991) or thirteenth (1992-1996) Collective Index periods ... 

Four different types of names can be applied to natural products ... 

CAS still uses this type of name for some types of natural product, but the 2006 CAS nomenclature revisions have reduced the number in use by more than 3000. 

In a broad sense, four general types of names may be distinguished in organic nomenclature ... 

The experiences which found expression in Dumas substitution theory led to a second type of names. The sensational observation of hydrogen replaced by other elements without fundamental change of type was immediately visualized by Dumas (19) as having a bearing on nomenclature. Lavoisier s binary nomenclature was now no longer sufficient. Dumas writes ... 

The anion in Example 12 may also be named as a derivative of phosphinothious acid, H2PSH, thus giving the name phosphinothioite . This type of name is used as the basis for naming organic derivatives of H2PSH. (See discussion of inorganic acids in Chapter IR-8.)... 

In addition, Sections IR-8.4 and IR-8.5 deal with a further type of names, denoted here as hydrogen names. These names can be viewed as generalizations of common anion names such as hydrogencarbonate , but they are not necessary for naming completely specified molecular structures and can be regarded as a special topic. 

Hydrogen names constructed in this way cannot be mistaken for other types of name. 

Many organometallic compounds of groups 1 and 2 exist in associated molecular form (as aggregates) or contain structural solvent, or both. However, their names are often based solely on the stoichiometric compositions of the compounds, unless it is specifically desired to draw attention to the extent of aggregation or the nature of any structural solvent, or both (see Example 3 below). In the examples below, note how the different types of name reflect the different structural content implied by the formulae shown. As usual, the formulae enclosed in square brackets designate coordination entities. 

Organic polymers have traditionally been named on the basis of the monomer used, a hypothetical monomer, or a semi-systematic structure. Alternatively, they may be named in the same way as organic compounds, i.e., on the basis of a structure as drawn. The former method, often called source-based nomenclature or monomer-based nomenclature , sometimes results in ambiguity and multiple names for a single material. The latter method, termed structure-based nomenclature , generates a sometimes cumbersome unique name for a given polymer, independent of its source. Within their limitations, both types of names are acceptable and weU-documented. The use of stereochemical descriptors with both types of polymer nomenclature has been published. ... 

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