Nomenclature binary

Binary molecular FPs are sometimes called bit vectors or bit strings since their elements are Is and Os . In this woik, the nomenclature binary molecular FP may also be given by structural FP, molecular FP, binary FP, or just FP. Multiple occurrences of structural features are not accounted for in binary FPs, although they can be as described later in this section. 

A remarkable variety of compounds in the Ca-(B,C,N) system has opened a window for research in related fields. With the elements boron, carbon and nitrogen, substance classes such as borocarbides, boronitrides, and carbonitrides can be considered to contain anionic derivatives of binary compounds B4C, BN, and C3N4. Until now, most compounds in these substance classes have been considered to contain alkali, alkaline-earth, or lanthanide elements. Lanthanide borocarbides are known from the work of Bauer [1]. Lanthanide boronitrides represent a younger family of compounds, also assigned as nitridoborates [2] following the nomenclature of oxoborates. 

None of these compounds contains a metallic element, so we apply the guidelines for binary compound nomenclature. 

Table 6-1 Nomenclature Divisions for Inorganic Compounds Binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds Ionic compounds...

Ans. The three compounds belong to different nomenclature classes. Aluminum in its compounds always forms 3+ ions, and thus there is no need to state 3+ in the name. Cobalt forms 2+ and 33-ions, and we need to designate which of these exists in this compound. PCI, is a binary nonmctal-nonmetal compound, using a prefix to denote the number of chlorine atoms. 

Some compounds, namely molecular compounds, contain only nonmetals. Normally the compounds you need to name are binary compounds (containing only two elements). If you have highlighted the metalloids on your periodic table, everything to the right of the metalloids is a nonmetal. The following rules apply to both nonmetals and metalloids. The only nonmetal excluded from these nomenclature rules is hydrogen. 

Many hydrogen compounds are acids. Acids require a different system of nomenclature than other compounds. There are two types of acids binary acids and ternary acids. All acids include the word acid in their name. Binary acids contain only two elements one of which is hydrogen and the other a nonmetal. When naming binary acids, the prefix hydro- appears before the root name of the nonmetal, and there will be an -ic suffix. As an acid, H2S would be hydrosulfuric acid. We used H2S to illustrate the fact that there can be two possible names, hydrogen sulfide or hydrosulfuric acid. If your instructor does not specify which name to use, either is correct. Technically, the name hydrosulfuric acid only applies to aqueous solutions of H2S, H2S(aq). 

Besides the crystallographic and chemical symbols and nomenclature previously introduced, a few special symbols have been used in this chapter. Generally, for nearly all the metals (Me), a summary is given of their reactivity with the other elements. This is outlined in the text and in figures representing the Periodic Table. In some cases, more than one table is provided for each element. The different binary systems Me-X are identified by the position in the Table of the element X, and their characteristics are briefly described by one of the following symbols inserted in the corresponding box ... 

Though these alkaloids are not truly composed of two identical monomeric units, they are popularly named dimers or dimeric alkaloids. We prefer to avoid this incorrect nomenclature and would like to encourage the use of the more adequate binary terminology. In another consideration of nomenclature, we describe quaternary salts derived from an imine functionality as imonium salts, in accord with the descriptor for other onium salts (ammonium, oxonium, etc.), rather than by the frequently used iminium terminology. This nomenclature was suggested earlier (/). 

In Cleland nomenclature, the initial velocity and individual rate constants are designated by lower case italicized letters (e.g., v, k, k2, etc.). Dissociation, Michaelis, and equilibrium constants utilize an upper case italicized K with the appropriate unitalicized lower case subscript. For example, the equilibrium constant would be symbolized by whereas the Michaelis constant for substrate B would be designated by K. Dissociation constants for a Michaelis complex contain a subscript i and a letter for the dissociating ligand (e.g., for the EA binary complex, the dissociation constant would be Ki ). Maximum velocities are designated by a capital italicized V, usually with a subscript 1 or 2 depending on whether the forward or reverse reaction is referred to. (If the numerical subscript is not provided, the forward reaction is assumed. In most cases, the unitalicized subscript max is also provided.)... 

This is a system based upon stoichiometry. It is not restricted to binary (two-element) compounds, but the nomenclature is binary in structure, as discussed below. 

Although it is possible to develop a name based simply on an empirical formula (a reasonable proposal might be calcium sulfur tetraoxygen for CaS04), this is never done. Binary nomenclature is principally inoiganic, and has no real simple organic counterpart. 

This provides names for compounds for which little or no structural information is available. However, a minimum of structural information is known or assumed. In particular, using the assumed or established division of constituents into positive and negative parts already employed above in establishing formulae, we divide the constituents into the same two classes, hence the term binary nomenclature . 

Cations can also be obtained by the formal addition of a hydron (hydron is the recommended name for the normal isotopic mixture of protons, deuterons and tritons, see p. 7) to a binary hydride. In such cases, a formalism of substitutive nomenclature is used the suffix -ium is added to the name, slightly modified, of the parent hydride. The selection of permitted hydride names and their usage are discussed in Section 4.5 on substitutive nomenclature. 

Functional modifiers are used in binary nomenclature to name anhydrides, e.g. acetic anhydride for (CH3-C0)20, and derivatives of ketones and aldehydes such as oximes, hydrazones and semicarbazones, e.g. acetone oxime for (CH3)2C=NOH. 

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