Turkey samples

Residues of arsenical compounds were tested in 1056 monitoring samples of poultry. Three violations were detected in each of young chicken and turkey samples. Testing for ivermectin residues showed tliat 6 of 3327 samples taken from 10 production classes contained violative residues two violations occurred... 

Figure 7 shows an example of a space-resolved microwave conductivity measurement of the semiconducting surface of a natural pyrite (FeS2) sample (from Murgul, Turkey). The overflow of the PMC signal (white color) was adjusted to a level that shows the patterns of distribution of low photoeffects (dark areas). Figure 8 shows a similar image in which,... 

Almost all fiber and partial titanium dioxide can be recovered from white water by DAF under full flow pressurization mode43 with chemical addition. On June 10, 1982, at Mead Corporation, pulp was prepared with 40% cotton fiber and 60% wood fiber. The loading of titanium dioxide was about 50% (i.e., 273 kg Ti02 per 600 kg total pulp). The white water from No. 2 machine was fed to a DAF cell (diameter = 3 m) at 15.8 L/s (250gal/min) under full flow pressurization mode. Turkey red oil (TRO) was dosed as a flotation aid at 80mL/min. The influent white water (before TRO addition), DAF effluent, and floated scum were sampled for analysis. The DAF influent had 98 mg/L of TSS, and 650 NTU of turbidity at pH 9.27. The DAF effluent had 15 mg/L TSS and 550 NTU of turbidity at pH 9.25. Although TSS (fiber and titanium dioxide) recovery rate was 85%, the ash content (titanium dioxide) of the recovered TSS was very low. Therefore, using a DAF clarifier under full flow pressurization mode and TREO, the majority of fibers in white water but only about half of titanium dioxide can be recovered. 

In the Mediterranean Sea and Middle East area, for example, there are obsidian outflows only in Italy, in some islands in the Aegean Sea, and in Turkey. Artifacts made of obsidian, however, are widely distributed over much of this vast area. Chemical analysis of many of these artifacts has shown that most of the obsidian used to make them originated in one or another of the outflows mentioned, but also in far-distant places such as Armenia and Iran. Plotting on a graph the concentration of selected elements in samples from obsidian sources against that in samples from sites where it was used, enables the identification of the source of the samples (see Fig. 22). Moreover, this type of analysis also makes it possible to trace the routes through which obsidian (and most probably other goods) were traded in antiquity (Renfrew and Dixon 1976). 

Acrolein has been detected in effluent water streams from industrial and municipal sources. Municipal effluents from Dayton, Ohio, for example, contained between 20 and 200 pg acrolein/L in 6 of 11 analyzed samples (USEPA 1980 Beauchamp et al. 1985). Acrolein is also a component of many foods, and processing may increase the acrolein content (USEPA 1980). Acrolein has been identified in raw turkey, potatoes, onions, coffee grounds, raw cocoa beans, alcoholic beverages, hops (USEPA 1980), white bread, sugarcane molasses, souring salted pork, and cooked bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) (Beauchamp et al. 1985). 

About 200 plant species from 40 families were collected in small quantities, selection was made randomly as well as considering ethnobotanical information obtained from Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. Random acquisition of available plant species is one approach. Maximum diversity in the botanical and geographical sources of the plant samples collected is preferred feature, and Turkey has an advantageous in this aspect [4-7]. 

The plant material was collected from two different localities in northern Anatolia, firstly from the vicinity of Oymalitepe village, Yomra town, Trabzon at 600 m altitude (coded as LC-T) and secondly from Bagirankaya plataeu, Ikizdere town, Rize at 2,000 m altitude (coded as LC-R) in 2001. The identification of the plant samples was carried out by Dr. Salih Terzioglu from the Department of Forest Botany, Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. The voucher specimen (GUE 2216) has been deposited at the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. 

Effect of the extracts on the increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid in mice was determined according to Whittle method with some modifications [5]. Each test sample was administered orally to a group of ten mice, which were male Swiss albino mice (20-25 g) were purchased from the animal breeding laboratories of Refik Saydam Central Institute of Health (Ankara, Turkey), in 0.2 mF20 g body weight. Thirty minutes after the administration each mice was injected with 0.1 ml of 4% Evans blue (Sigma, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) in saline solution (/.v.) at the... 

Forty natural liquid honey samples from Middle Anatolia and surrounding areas, marked as a red circle in the map of Turkey (Fig. 23. 1), were collected directly from different beekeepers during the months of January and February in 2003. The honey samples, stored in glass jars, were kept in the dark at room temperature until analyzed. Moisture was determined by measuring the refractive indices at 200°C with a refractometer (Abbe Refractometer NAR2T) and the corresponding moisture content (%) was calculated according to AOAC method [10]. 

Fig. 23.1 Sampling area Middle Anatolia and surrounding area of Turkey...

Leaves of Sumac were collected from Siirt in Turkey. They were dried at room temperature and darkness. Leaves were groimd with hand and screened through a set of sieves to get different geometrical size such as 300, 425, 600, 710, 850 pm. Samples were stored in an air-tight plastic container and in dark conditions imtil extraction time. 

When norfloxacin was given to turkeys by oral, intramuscular, or inuave-nous routes, bioavailability was highest with the intramuscular route and lowest with the oral route (183). At the end of a 72 h medication with drinking water, mean tissue concentrations of norfloxacin were 0.48 ppm in the serum, 0.56 ppm in lungs, 3.2 ppm in liver, 0.68 ppm in kidney, 0.34 ppm in muscle, 0.40 ppm in spleen, 0.52 ppm in skin, 0.32 ppm in fat, and 50 ppm in feces. Residues of norfloxacin were not detected in any tissue sampled 72 h after the end of water medication. 

In addition, a total of 146 sheep urine and 87 chicken muscle samples from birds sold in local markets and originating from Brazil, Denmark, France, and Turkey were tested for residues of diethylstilbestrol and ethinylestradiol (41). Although some of the samples were positive to both analytes by an immunochemical screening assay, confirmatory analysis by GC-mass spectroscopy (MS) showed that none of the samples contained residues of the examined steroids. 

Materials from Distant Areas. Attempts were made to obtain ceramic materials from major areas where trade to Hesi could have originated. Much of the material for this purpose was borrowed from museum collections. From the Mesopotamian area 39 samples were analyzed. The material was mostly sherds, but there were also two bricks and six cuneiform clay tablets. The material ranged from third millenium B.C. to Islamic. From Iran, nine samples were obtained from sherds from several different areas. The sampling from Syria and Turkey was limited to 12 sherds from the Mersin-Tarsus area and 15 from Syria from the two regions of Aleppo and Hama. 

The Hornsey (1956) procedure and its modifications have received widespread acceptance as relatively rapid measures of the adequacy of cure development in processed meats. The Hornsey procedure is also an accurate method for nutritional assessment of heme and heme iron content of meats (Carpenter and Clark, 1995), where ppm heme iron = ppm total heme/11.7. However, one caveat should be noted. The total heme pigment measurement is higher in cured meats than in similar uncured samples. Roasted turkey breast meat, for example, was reported by Ahn and Maurer (1989a) to have 23,26,34, and 34 ppm total pigment in samples formulated with 0, 1, 10, and 50 ppm nitrite, respectively. This effect should be considered to avoid overestimation of the heme iron content of cured meats. 

Technical Tests.—To ascertain the suitability of a starch for use in the dressing of textiles, samples of fabrics dyed with sensitive colours (benzopurpurin, Turkey red, logwood black) or of bleached fabrics are treated with the starch the dry materials are examined as regards feel and change of colour, while the general appearance is compared with that of the same material dressed with a standard starch. 

Most other colouring matters withstand the action of the salted caustic soda, but some mordant colours, such as Turkey red, are partly decomposed by it. In these last cases, therefore, the extract obtained with acetic or formic acid does not usually exhibit the colour of the sample under investigation. In order to avoid any possibility of error, when the colouring matter has been removed in appreciable quantity, it is advisable to add a solution of tannin to the acid extract in presence of a basic colouring matter, a precipitate will be formed. 

---