Sodium phenylbutyrate

Other agents are butyrates (arginine butyrate and sodium phenylbutyrate), decitabine, clotrimazole, and erythropoietin... 

One of the first HDAC inhibitors to be identified and characterized was sodium butyrate, where it was found to alter the histone acetylation state (Riggs et al, 1977), and further determined to inhibit HDAC activity both in vitro and in vivo (Candido et al, 1978). Almost a decade later trichostatin A (TSA), a fungistatic antibiotic, was found to induce murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation (Yoshida et al, 1987). To date, a wide range of molecules have been described that inhibit the activity of Class I and Class II HDAC enzymes, and with a few exceptions, can be divided into structural classes including (1) small-molecule hydroxamates, such as TSA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), scriptaid and oxamflatin (2) short-chain fatty-acids, such as sodium butyrate, sodium phenylbutyrate and valproic acid (VPA) (3) cyclic tetrapeptides, such as apicidin, trapoxin and the depsipeptide FK-228 and (4) benzamides, such as MS-275 and Cl-994 (for reviews see Remiszewski et al, 2002 Miller et al, 2003). Some of these molecules are represented in Fig. 4. 

Ryu H, Smitii K, Camelo SI, Carreras I, Lee J, Iglesias AH, Dangond F, Cormier KA, Cudkowicz ME, Brown RH, Jr, Ferrante RJ (2005) Sodium phenylbutyrate prolongs survival and regulates expression of anti-apoptotic genes in transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. J Neurochem... 

Collins AF, Pearson HA, Giardina P, McDonagh KT, Brusilow SW, Dover GJ (1995) Oral sodium phenylbutyrate therapy in homozygous beta thalassemia a chnical trial. Blood 85 43 9 Collman RG, Perno CF, Crowe SM, Stevenson M, Montaner LJ (2003) HIV and cells of macrophage/dendritic hneage and other non-T cell reservoirs new answers yield new questions. J Leukoc Biol 74 631-634... 

Dover GJ, Brusilow S, Charache S (1994) Induction of fetal hemoglobin production in subjects with sickle cell anemia by oral sodium phenylbutyrate. Blood 84 339-343 El Kharroubi A, Martin MA (1996) cis-acting sequences located downstream of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter affect its chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. Mol Cell Biol 16 2958-2966... 

Gilbert J, Baker SD, Bowling MK, Grochow L, Figg WD, Zabelina Y, Done-hower RC, Carducci MA. A phase I dose escalation and bioavailability study of oral sodium phenylbutyrate in patients with refractory solid tumor malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2001 7 2292-2300. 

VALPROATE SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE Possibly 1 efficacy of sodium phenylbutyrate These drugs are associated with t ammonia levels Avoid co-administration... 

PROBENECID SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE Possibly t sodium phenylbutyrate levels Possibly i excretion of sodium phenylbutyrate Watch for signs of sodium phenylbutyrate toxicity. Monitor FBC, U Es and ECG... 

PENICILLAMINE Anticancer and Immunomodulating Drugs, Other immunomodulating drugs SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE ... 

Sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB), a Food and Drug Administration-approved oral medication for hyperammonemia, induces astrocytic BDNF and NT-3 expression via the protein kinase C (PKC)-cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway. NaPB treatment increased the direct association between PKC and CREB followed by phosphorylation of CREB (Ser133) and induction of DNA binding and transcriptional activation of CREB. NaPB increased the levels of BDNF and NT-3 in the CNS and improved spatial learning and memory in a mouse model of AD [560],... 

Corbett GT, Roy A, Pahan K (2013) Sodium phenylbutyrate enhances astrocytic neuro-trophin synthesis via protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) Implications for Alzheimer disease therapy. J Biol Chem 288 8299-8312... 

Resar LMS, Segal JB, Fitzpatric LK, et al. Induction of fetal hemoglobin synthesis in children with sickle cell anemia on low-dose oral sodium phenylbutyrate therapy. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2002 24 737— 741. 

Seashore MR Yale University Sodium phenylbutyrate treatment of inborn errors of ammonia metabolism National Center for Research Resources... 

Some patients have an inborn error of metabolism that involves a defective enzyme, or enzymes of the urea cycle. This results in reduced efficiency to excrete their waste nitrogen. The patients are prescribed sodium phenylbutyrate (buphenyl) ( 30 g per day). What is the action of sodimn phenylbutyrate ... 

Sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate/ phenylacetate can be toxic, especially with a concentration exceeding 2 and 4 mmol/L, respectively. There is also a possibility of increased sodium and decreased potassium especially when sodium phenylbutyrate and sodium benzoate are administrated together therefore, electrolytes should be closely monitored. 

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