Breast tumors stromal invasion

In this chapter we will address diagnostic issues involving stromal invasion, papillary lesions, atypical proliferative lesions, discrimination of ductal and lobular neoplasia, identification of breast tumor types, Paget disease of the breast, fibroepithelial lesions, and metastatic breast carcinoma. The diagnostic section is followed by theranostic applications in breast cancer and a discussion regarding immunogenomics. 

Orimo A., Gupta P. B., Sgroi D. C., et al. (2005) Stromal fibroblasts present in invasive human breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through elevated SDF-1/CXCL12 secretion. Cell. 121, 335 48. 

Most malignant solid tumors contain elevated levels of hyaluronan [17, 59). High levels of hyaluronan expression correlate with poor differentiation in human ductal breast carcinomas [60] and with poor survival rates in human colorectal adenocarcinomas [61]. Enrichment of hyaluronan in tumors can be due to increased production by tumor cells themselves or to interactions between tumor cells and surrounding stromal cells that induce increased production by the latter. In accordance with the latter, hyaluronan accumulation occurs at the interface of tumor invasion into host tissues in various tumor types [17, 57, 59, 62]. 

---