Trophic interactions

Lueders T, B Wagner, P Claus, MW Friedrich (2004a) Stable isotope probing of rRNA and DNA reveals a dynamic methylotroph community and trophic interactions with fungi and protozoa in oxic rice field soil. Environ Microbiol 6 60-72. 

Nematodes play a major role in decomposition and nutrient cycling in soil food webs. Due to its important role in trophic interactions, they have received attention in farming systems especially in organic farming. Although nematodes represent a relatively small amount of biomass in soil, their presence across many trophic levels in soils is vitally important in soil environments and ecosystem processes (Ingham et al. 1986). 

Hurt RA, Qiu X, Wu L, Roh Y, Palumbo AV, Tiedje JM, Zhou J (2001) Simultaneous recovery of RNA and DNA from soils and sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 4495 1503 Ingham ER, Troymow JA, Ames RN, Hunt HW, Morley CR, Moore JC, Coleman DC (1986) Trophic interactions and nitrogen cycling in a semi-arid grassland soil. Part 2. System responses to removal of different groups of soil microbes or fauna. J Appl Ecol 23 615-630... 

Brand TE (1980) Trophic interactions and community ecology of the shallow-water marine benthos along the Antarctic Peninsula. PhD Dissertation, University of California Davis Cormaci M, Fumari G, Scammacca B (1992) The benthic algal flora of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Bot Mar 35 541-552... 

Steinke M, Malin G, Liss P (2002) Trophic interactions in the sea an ecological role for climate relevant volatiles. J Phycol 38 630-638... 

Dowd, P. F. In Multi trophic Interactions Among Microorganisms, Plants, and Herbivores Barbosa, P. Krischik, V. A. Jones, C. G. Eds. Wiley N York, in press. 

Understanding of biogeochemical cycling and trophic interactions is often hindered by the nature of budgetary approaches to ecosystem study (16). For example, many estimates of element flux are made by difference (e.g., between inflow and outflow) or are inferred from indirect evidence... 

Value of Isotopic Labeling. The experiments described demonstrate the usefulness of stable-isotope additions in understanding trophic interactions and biogeochemical fluxes in whole ecosystems. Using stable isotopes as chemical tracers in natural, undisturbed systems is especially helpful in interpreting the results of perturbation experiments. 

The short-term, in situ bioavailability of organic matter is a complex function of intrinsic factors, such as the chemical characteristics of the DOM itself, which include of molecular weight distribution, the nutrient contents, and the relative contribution of broad classes of compounds and are determined by the source and the diagenetic state of the matter (Amon et al., 2001). The utilization of DOM and its apparent lability are also affected by extrinsic factors regulating the metabolism of bacteria and, therefore, the utilization of the organic matter by the bacterial community. These factors include temperature, the availability of inorganic and trace nutrients, trophic interactions within microbial food webs, and even the... 

Venette, R.C., Monstafa, F.A.M., Ferris, H. Trophic interactions between bacterial-feeding nematodes in plant rhizospheres and the nematophagus fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis to suppress Heterodera schachtii. Plant Soil 1997 191 213-223. 

Swanberg, N.R., The ecology of colonial radiolarians their colony morphology, trophic interactions and associations, behavior, distribution, and the photosynthesis of their symbionts, Ph.D. thesis, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979. 

Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF, Hodgson JR. 1985. Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. Bioscience 35 634-639. 

Trophic interactions ecological interactions between organisms relating to food or nutrition. 

Alpine, A.E., and Cloern, J.E. (1992) Trophic interactions and direct effects control phytoplankton biomass and production in an estuary. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37, 946-955. 

Kilham, S.S., and Kilham, P. (1984) The importance of resource supply rates in determining phytoplankton community structure. In Trophic Interactions Within Aquatic Systems (Meyers, D.G, and Strickler, J.R., eds.), pp. 7-28, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 

Vrieling, K., Smit, W. and Van der Meijden, E. 1991. Three-trophic interactions with pyrrolizidine alkaloids lead to general variation in PA concentrations between aphid species (Aphis jacobaea) and Tyria jacobaeae. Oecologia 86, 177-182... 

Tang KW, Jakobsen HH, Visser AW (2001) Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae) and the planktonic food web feeding, growth, and trophic interactions among grazers. Limnol Oceanogr 46 1860-1870... 

Thus the rapidly developing molecular approaches may help us obtain more-realistic ingestion rates of Phaeocystis and other live prey in situ. However, to further reveal and quantify mechanisms controlling the complex trophic interactions between Phaeocystis and its predators, new approaches need to be developed. In concert with the recent review by Pohnert (2004) we conclude that such development will probably be as complex as the interactions it tries to reveal. Developing successful innovative approaches and better quantitative analytical tools will depend largely upon multidisciplinary efforts between chemists, molecular biologists and plankton ecologists. 

Hansen FC (1995) Trophic interactions between zooplankton and Phaeocystis cf globosa. Helgol Meeresunters 49 283-293... 

Stefels J, Steinke M, Turner S, Gill M and Belviso S (this volume) Environmental constraints on the production of the climatically active gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) and implications for ecosystem modelling. Biogeochemistry, doi 10.1007/sl 0533-007-9091 -5 Steinke M, Malin G, liss PS (2002) Trophic interactions in the sea an ecological role for climate relevant volatiles J Phycol 38 630-638... 

Frost, P. C., Stelzer, R. S., Lamberti, G. A. Elser, J. J. (2002). Ecological stoichiometry of trophic interactions in the benthos understanding the role of C N P ratios in lentic and lotic habitats. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 21,515-28. 

Ward, B. B., and Bronk, D. A. (2001). Net nitrogen uptake and DON release in surface waters Importance of trophic interactions implied from size fractionation experiments. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 219, 11-24. 

Epstein, S. S. (1997). Microbial food webs in marine sediments.1. Trophic interactions and grazing rates in two tidal flat communities. Microb. Ecol. 34, 188-198. 

Thingstad, T. F., and LigneU, R. (1997). A theoretical approach to the question of how trophic interactions control carbon demand, growth rate, abimdance and diversity. Aquat. Mkrob. Ecol. 13, 19-27. 

Pel, R., Ploris, V., and Hoogveld, H. (2004a). Analysis of planktonic community structure and trophic interactions using refined isotopic signatures determined by combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Freshw. Biol. 49, 546—562. 

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