Antarctic Peninsula

For an ice sheet of thickness H in equilibrium with a climate supplying accumulation at a rate a (thickness of ice per imit time), the vertical velocity near the ice-sheet surface is a and this velocity decreases to zero at the ice-sheet bed. A characteristic time constant for the ice core is H/a. The longest histories are therefore obtained from the thick and dry interiors of the ice sheets (particularly central East Antarctica, where H/a = 2 X 10 yrs). Unfortunately, records from low a sites are also low resolution, so to obtain a high-resolution record a high a site must be used and duration sacrificed (examples are the Antarctic Peninsula (H/a = 10 ) and southern Greenland H/a = 5 x 10 )). 

Roos P, Holm E, Persson RBR, et al. 1994. Deposition of 210Pb, 137Cs, 239+240Pu, 238Pu, and 241Am in the Antarctic Peninsula area. J Environ Radioact 24 235-251. 

Human activities have resulted in exposure of Antarctic fishes to petroleum-derived PAHs (McDonald et al. 1992). Fish captured near Palmer station on the Antarctic peninsula had induced EROD activities and elevated concentrations of biliary PAH metabolites of phenanthrene and naphthalene when compared to conspecifics from reference sites (McDonald et al. 1995). Artificial reefs consisting of oil and coal flyash stabilized with cement and lime in Florida waters near Vero Beach contained elevated PAH levels ranging from as high as 1.2 mg fluoranthene/kg and 0.25 mg naphthalene/kg. But there is negligible leaching because seawater is not an effective medium for removing PAHs from reef bricks or the ash (Frease and Windsor 1991). 

McDonald, S.J., M.C. Kennicutt II, and J.M. Brooks. 1992. Evidence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in fish from the Antarctic peninsula. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 25 9-12. 

Amsler CD, Iken K, McClintock JB, Amsler MO, Peters KJ, Hubbard JM, Furrow FB, Baker BJ (2005) Comprehensive evaluation of the palatability and chemical defenses of subtidal macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 294 141-159 Bakus GJ, Green G (1974) Toxicity in sponges and holothurians a geographic pattern. Science 185 951-953... 

Brand TE (1980) Trophic interactions and community ecology of the shallow-water marine benthos along the Antarctic Peninsula. PhD Dissertation, University of California Davis Cormaci M, Fumari G, Scammacca B (1992) The benthic algal flora of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Bot Mar 35 541-552... 

DeLaca TE, Lipps JH (1976) Shallow water marine associations, Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctic J US 11 12-20... 

Fischer G, Wiencke C (1992) Stable carbon isotope composition, depth distribution and fate of macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula region. Polar Biol 12 341-348 Foster MS (1992) How important is grazing to seaweed evolution and assemblage structure in the north-east Pacific In John DM, Hawkins SJ, Price JH (eds) Plant-animal interactions in the marine benthos. Clarendon, Oxford, pp 61-85... 

Peters KJ, Amsler CD, Amsler MO, McClintock JB, Dunbar RB, Baker BJ (2005) A comparative analysis of the nutritional and elemental composition of macroalgae from the western Antarctic Peninsula. Phycologia 44 453 163... 

Fahn A (1988) Secretory tissues in vascular plants. New Phytol 108 229-257 Fairhead VA, Amsler CD, McClintock JB, Baker BJ (2005) Variation in phlorotannin content within two species of brown macroalgae (Desmarestia anceps and D. menziesii) from the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biol 28 680-686 Fairhead VA, Amsler CD, McClintock JB, Baker BJ (2006) Fack of defense or phlorotannin induction by UV radiation or mesograzers in Desmarestia anceps and D. menziesii (Phaeophyceae). J Phycol 42 1174-1183... 

Fagerstrom T, Larsson S, Tenow O (1987) On optimal defence in plants. Func Ecol 1 73-81 Fairhead VA, Amsler CD, McClintock JB, Baker BJ (2005a) Within-thallus variation in chemical and physical defences in two species of ecologically dominant macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 322 1-12... 

Natural Products Red Marine Algae and the Antarctic Peninsula... 

Plant Material Collection of the rhodophyte G. skottsbergii was done manually during scuba dives within 3.5 km of Palmer Station on Anvers Island off the western Antarctic Peninsula (64° 46.5 S, 64° 03.3 W) at a depth of 5-12 m. Identifications were made by Prof. Bill J. Baker (University of South Florida) and Prof. Charles D. Amsler (University of Alabama at Birmingham). 

Kennicutt M, Sweet S. 1992. Hydrocarbon contamination of the antarctic peninsula III. The bahia paraiso two years after the spill. Marine Pollution Bulletin 25(9-12) 303-306. 

Kennicutt M, McDonald T, Denoux G, et al. 1992a. Hydrocarbon contamination of the antarctic peninsula 1. Arthur harbor subtidal sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 24(10) 499-506. 

In this study, stratospheric trends of ozone inside, outside and on the edge of the SH polar vortex are presented. Data is obtained during the period 1988-1998 with ECC-sondes at Marambio (64,2S and 56,7W) in Antarctic Peninsula. Conclusions are also made whether evidence of mixing across the strong SH polar vortex can be found from this set of data. 

Rovirosa J, Sanchez I, Palacios Y, Darias J, San-Martin A (1990) Antimicrobial Activity of a New Monoterpene from Plocamium cartilagineum from Antarctic Peninsula. Bol Soc Chil Quint 35 131... 

Ankisetty S, Nandiraju S, Win H, Park YC, Amsler CD, McClintock JB, Baker JA, Diyabalanage TK, Pasaribu A, Singh MP, Maiese WM, Walsh RD, Zaworotko MJ, Baker BJ (2004) Chemical Investigation of Predator-Derived Macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula. J Nat Prod 67 1295... 

In this work we compare some of the major results from two field expeditions to the Southern Ocean region. The first expedition was a ship cruise between Punta Arenas/Chile and the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, which was conducted during the austral fall season (March 20 - April 28, 1986) as part of the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP). Details of the ship cruise and a complete discussion of the results have been published elsewhere (12). The second expedition consisted of a series of flight measurements off the west and south coast of Tasmania during the austral summer season (December 3-18, 1986). We discuss preliminary results from 2 of 8 flights which were conducted in marine air masses behind cold fronts moving over the open ocean. 

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