Trends in Instrumentation

NAA, XRF, and isotope dilution analysis, by listing the parameters analytes determinable, concentration ranges, selectivity, analysis time and cost. Vandecasteele (1991) presents a review of recent developments and trends in instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis as well as charged particle activation analysis and performance comparison with ICP-MS. 

Economic Analysis. Costs of ms/ms instmmentation remain at the high end of the scale for hyphenated systems. Because more powerfiil computer systems are becoming available at lower cost and improvements are being made in the less expensive ms hardware, the trend in instrumental cost is downward. The current range for ms/ms systems extends from about 350,000 to about 1.4 miUion where the ms components are equipped with higher mass and resolution capabilities. 

The clear lesson of the past is that commercial instruments define techniques and drive research. Furthermore, electroanalytical applications, broadly defined, do not in any way influence dominant trends in instrument design. On the contrary, scientists interested in this area must be prepared to capitalize on new developments. 

Abbas A, Linman MJ, Cheng Q. New trends in instrumental design for surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2011 26 1815-1824. 

The procedures and applications of qualitative TLC and HPTLC were reviewed by J. Sherma (179-182,25a-d). The new trends in instrumental TLC were summarized by Poole and Poole (183). 

The general utility of the light microscope is also recognized by its incorporation into so many other kinds of analytical instrumentation. Continued development of new composites and materials, together with continued trends in microminiaturization make the simple, classical polarized-light microscope the instrument of choice for any initial analytical duty. 

The current trend in analytical chemistry applied to evaluate food quality and safety leans toward user-friendly miniaturized instruments and laboratory-on-a-chip applications. The techniques applied to direct screening of colorants in a food matrix include chemical microscopy, a spatial representation of chemical information from complex aggregates inside tissue matrices, biosensor-based screening, and molec-ularly imprinted polymer-based methods that serve as chemical alternatives to the use of immunosensors. 

Ten-year horizon. Based on recent trends in the production of analytical instruments, requirements for RMs should grow by more than 5% per annum. Because PT material usage is growing from a smaller and less structured base, its growth should be about 15 % per annum. 

During the last few years, miniaturization has become a dominant trend in the analysis of low-level contaminants in food and environmental samples. This has resulted in a significant reduction in the volume of hazardous and expensive solvents. Typical examples of miniaturization in sample preparation techniques are micro liquid/liquid extractions (in-vial) and solvent-free techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Combined with state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation, this trend has resulted in faster analyses, higher sample throughputs and lower solvent consumption, whilst maintaining or even increasing assay sensitivity. 

Many of the classical techniques used in the preparation of samples for chromatography are labour-intensive, cumbersome, and prone to sample loss caused by multistep manual manipulations. During the past few years, miniaturisation has become a dominant trend in analytical chemistry. At the same time, work in GC and UPLC has focused on improved injection techniques and on increasing speed, sensitivity and efficiency. Separation times for both techniques are now measured in minutes. Miniaturised sample preparation techniques in combination with state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation result in faster analysis, higher sample throughput, lower solvent consumption, less manpower in sample preparation, while maintaining or even improving limits. 

Polymer/additive analysis is a typical industrial analytical problem, and indeed not one of the easiest or least important ones. Requirements set to industrial analytical expertise vary from new analytical approaches for product innovation, to service-oriented problem solving (combination of analytical expertise and specific product knowledge), and cost-efficient analysis of a few grades (plant service) (Scheme 10.1). Reported prospects set the instrumental trends in the polymer industry (Table 10.17). For traditional quality laboratories this translates into ... 

As discussed in previous sections, measurements in the laboratory suppose the most accurate solution for determining environmental concentrations. In this section the main advantages of analytical measurements as well as the new trends in analytical instrumentation and experimental methodologies are discussed. 

However, with the improved resolution of modem XPS instruments, BE shifts as small as 0.1 eV can be detected and may be significant. These shifts can be interpreted, to a first approximation, by changes in the atomic charge (an intraatomic effect), but to account for more subtle differences, as seen in the mixed-metal phosphides M aM P and mixed arsenide phosphides MAsi -VP>, the role of next-nearest neighbours cannot be neglected. These interatomic effects, as incorporated into the charge potential model, help explain the unusual trends in BE observed in these series. 

Balaram, V. (1996). Recent trends in the instrumental analysis of rare earth elements in geological and industrial materials. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 15 475 486. 

In this chapter we report recent advantages in analytical method hyphenation and chemometric approach applied to drug development, especially related to last trends in pharmaceutical field and to advantages in terms of high-throughputs procedure and instrumentations. 

XI. INSTRUMENTATION TRENDS IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS MANUFACTURERS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES... 

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