Trauma patients effects

Copper status effects on resistance to endotoxin-induced injuries because burn and trauma patients show moderate copper deficiency and high risk to sepsis, and copper deficient rats are sensitive to endotoxins causing sepsis (DiSilvestro et al. 1995)... 

Most of the contraindications specific to pentazocine stem from its excitatory effects. Other contraindications are similar to those for morphine. Pentazocine is contraindicated in patients with myocardial infarction because it increases heart rate and cardiac load. Similarly, it is contraindicated in epileptic patients because it decreases seizure threshold. In addition, in head trauma patients, it can increase intracranial pressure and brain injury. Pentazocine use in patients with psychoses is contraindicated because of its psychotomimetic side effects. 

Burn Center Care Is the Most Efficient and Cost-Effective Care for Burn Injuries. Burn injuries are not like other trauma injuries burn injuries often require a lengthy course of treatment as compared with simple or even complex trauma patients. For example, for burn patients with 50% body surface area burn, the average length of stay in the intensive care unit is 50 days. In a mass casualty, the average burn is typically greater than 50% body surface area. 

In the event of a terrorist attack, people will suffer physical and psychological trauma. Physical effects will include the effects of exposure to any explosion—broken bones, burns, shock, lacerations, and so forth. These may be compounded by the presence of radioactive contamination and, in some cases, radiation illness. In addition, any terrorist attack will, by definition, inflict psychological trauma, and medical personnel must be prepared to receive many patients who are worried, panicked, or suffering psychosomatically in spite of being physically well. In the aftermath of a terrorist attack, even a simple headache or anxiety attack may be seen as evidence of radiation sickness. 

Volume therapy with etherified starches in trauma patients results in a reduction in circulating adhesion molecules, an effect that is not observed with albumin infusion (51). Continuous infusion of pentoxifylline did not have a beneficial modulating action on circulating adhesion molecules. Adhesion molecules appear to play an important role in tissue damage secondary to the inflammatory process. Besides neutrophil- and endothelium-bound adhesion molecules, soluble forms have been detected in the circulating blood in trauma patients. They seem to be markers of endothelial damage, but they may also have other biological functions. 

Rainer TH, Lam NYL, Tsui NBY, Ng EKO, Chiu RWK, Joynt GM, et al. Effects of filtration on glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA in the plasma of trauma patients and healthy individuals. Clin Chem 2004 50 206-8. 

Pelvic injuries accompanied by haemorrhage are associated with high mortality rates. Unfortunately, surgical exploration is hindered by the often-associated haematoma and the surgical procedure itself can release the tamponade effect of the haematoma leading to a subsequent increase in haemorrhage. TAE results in control in 90% of cases of pelvic haemorrhage in trauma patients. 

Stoutenbeek CP, van Saene HKF, Miranda DR, Zandstra DF. The effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on colonization and infection rate in multiple trauma patients. Intens Care Med 1984 10 185-192. 

If contractions are frequent, prolonged, or excessive, die infusion is stopped to prevent fetal anoxia or trauma to die uterus. Excessive stimulation of die uterus can cause uterine hypertonicity and possible uterine rupture. The nurse places die patient on her side and provides supplemental oxygen. The effects of die drug diminish rapidly because oxytocin is short acting. 

Bupropion causes insomnia, nightmares, decreased appetite, anxiety, and tremors, but the most concerning adverse effect is seizures. Because of the risk for seizures, patients who should not receive the drug include those with a CNS lesion or those with a history of seizures, head trauma, or bulimia. The daily dose of bupropion should not exceed 450 mg/day, and any single dose of the immediate-release formulation should not exceed 150 mg/day Occurrences of insomnia and/or nightmares often respond to moving the last daily dose from bedtime to late afternoon.7,9,22,23... 

Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, et al. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27 355-373. Kudsk KA, Croce MA, Fabian TC, et al. Enteral versus parenteral feeding Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg 1992 215 503-513. 

Also, we have noted that patients with unilateral cataracts after trauma or retinal detachment repair typically have very similar RRS carotenoid levels in the normal and in the pseudophakic eye. Thus, we have concluded that there is a decline of macular carotenoids that reaches a low steady state just at the time when the incidence and prevalence of AMD begins to rise dramatically. While this age effect has been noticed sometimes also in other studies using clinical populations and different MP detection methods (Sharifzadeh et al. 2006, Nolan et al. 2007), several groups have reported constant, age-independent MP levels. Examples include reflectance-based population studies in which respective average MP optical densities of 0.23 (Delori et al. 2001), 0.33 (Berendschot et al. 2002), and 0.48 (Berendschot and Van Norren 2004) were determined. 

---