TGF-P Transforming growth factor

Transforming growth factor-P, TGF-P1,-P2, -P3 Homodimer of 25 kD TGFP receptor I und II, contains Ser/Thr specific protein kinase activity... 

Interleukin-4 (IL-4), cooperating with IL-21,227a stimulates growth of activated B cells, T lymphocytes, and mast cells, induces formation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and enhances formation of IgG 228/229 The transforming growth factor-P (TGF-P) is another cytokine that modulates the development of the immune system. It affects a very broad range of tissues and is discussed in Chapter 32. 

Osman, A., Niles, E.G. and LoVerde, P.T. (2004) Expression of functional Schistosoma mansoni Smad4 role in Erk-mediated transforming growth factor p (TGF-P) down-regulation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, 6474-6486. 

Transforming growth factor-p (TGF-p) is a group of several isoforms that have several roles in wound healing and other aspects of cell growth. It is now believed that there are five members of the TGF-p family. These compounds, of which TGF-pi is... 

The release of IL-12 initiated by macrophages may be crucial for the activation of Thl cells. Transforming growth factor-p (TGF-P) can produce an effect consisting of differentiation of ThO lymphocytes and increased production of IgA (Kalliomaki and Isolauri 2003, Orihara et al. 2008). These issues are discussed in more detail in the cited references and in Chapter 1. 

Fig. 6.5 Signalling through SMAD proteins. Receptor complexes, formed with transforming growth factor.p (TGF-p) and related factors, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), consist of two serine/threonine receptor kinases, the type II and type I receptors. Binding of the ligand results In autophosphorylation of type I receptors. The activated type I receptors in turn phosphoryiate and activate R-SMADs SMADs 1,...

These receptors have a cysteine-rich extraceUular domain and a cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase activity.Transforming growth factor-P (TGF-P) superfamily induces growth arrest in epithelial cells. In addition to the three TGF-P isoforms, this family comprises activins, bone morphogenetic proteins and other secreted factors. 

Although some details of the biosynthesis of HA have still to be clarified, epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor P (TGF-P) and other cytokines, e.g. interleukin-1 (IL-1) are known to activate the synthesis of HA in the cells [86]. 

Especially, in vitro studies helped to understand the different ways of induction by astrocytes. These are able to secrete a range of chemical agents including transforming growth factor-P (TGF-P), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), basic... 

---