Transfection polyethylenimine

S. S. Diebold, H. Lehrmann, M. Kursa, E. Wagner, M. Cotten, and M. Zenke, Efficient gene delivery into human dendritic cells by adenovirus polyethyleni-mine and mannose polyethylenimine transfection, Hum. Gene Ther., 10 (1999) 775-786. 

Malek A, Czubayko F, Aigner A (2008) PEG grafting of polyethylenimine (PEI) exerts different effects on DNA transfection and siRNA-induced gene targeting efficacy. J Drug Target 16 124-139... 

Polyethylenimine (PEI) stock The transfection reagent (Aldrich, catalogue number 40,872-7 25 kDa branched PEI ). Stock solution of PEI is prepared as follows prepare stock solution of 100 mg/ml PEI in water, mix and further dilute to 1 mg/ml, neutralize with HCI and filter sterilize store 5 ml aliquots frozen. 

Fischer, D., Bieber, T., Li, Y., Elsasser, H-P, Kissel, T. (1999). A novel non-viral vector for DNA delivery based on low molecular weight, branched polyethylenimine effect of molecular weight on transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Pharm. Res., 16, 1273-12791. 

Mui et al., 2000 Ross et al., 1998). The high transfection efficacy of the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) involves its strong buffering capacity, inducing osmotic swelling of endosomes leading to their rupture. 

In an original manner, one SV40 NLS sequence has been covalently linked to one end of a linear plasmid encoding Luciferase (Zanta et al., 1999). In combination with polyethylenimine, transfection efficiency was increased 10- to 1000-fold, depending on the cell types compared to the same construction containing a nonfunctional mutated NLS. 

Erbacher, P., Bettinger, T., Belguise-Valladier, P., Zou, S., Coll, J.L., Behr, J.P. et al (1999) Transfection and physical properties of various saccharide, poly(ethylene glycol) and antibody-derivatized polyethylenimines (PEI). J. Gene Med., 1,210-222. 

As for polyethylenimines and polyamidoamines, PDMAEMA has been assessed for its transfection ability in vivo. Van de Wetering et al. (1999b) examined the efficiency of PDMAEMA in vivo and found that while ovarian carcinoma cells were able to be transfected in vitro and ex vivo at efficiencies up to 10%, they were not transfected in vivo. Components present in body fluids that are not present in the in vitro model may be responsible for the disappearance of transfection activity. This idea is supported by evidence that the presence of hyaluronic acid, one of many fluid components, greatly reduced in vitro transfection efficiency. 

Poulain, L., Ziller, C., Muller, C.D., Erbacher, P., Bettinger, T., Rodier, J.-F. and Behr, J.-P. (2000) Ovarian carcinoma cells are effectively transfected by polyethylenimine (PEI) derivatives. Cancer Gene Ther., 7, 644-652. 

Werth S, Urban-Klein B, Dai L, Hdbel S, Grzelinski M, Bakowsky U, Czubayko F, Aigner A (2006) A low molecular weight fraction of polyethylenimine (PEI) displays increased transfection efficiency of DNA and siRNA in fresh or lyophilized complexes. J Control Release 112(2) 257-270... 

Abstract Carbohydrates have been investigated and developed as delivery vehicles for shuttling nucleic acids into cells. In this review, we present the state of the art in carbohydrate-based polymeric vehicles for nucleic acid delivery, with the focus on the recent successes in preclinical models, both in vitro and in vivo. Polymeric scaffolds based on the natural polysaccharides chitosan, hyaluronan, pullulan, dextran, and schizophyllan each have unique properties and potential for modification, and these results are discussed with the focus on facile synthetic routes and favorable performance in biological systems. Many of these carbohydrates have been used to develop alternative types of biomaterials for nucleic acid delivery to typical polyplexes, and these novel materials are discussed. Also presented are polymeric vehicles that incorporate copolymerized carbohydrates into polymer backbones based on polyethylenimine and polylysine and their effect on transfection and biocompatibility. Unique scaffolds, such as clusters and polymers based on cyclodextrin (CD), are also discussed, with the focus on recent successes in vivo and in the clinic. These results are presented with the emphasis on the role of carbohydrate and charge on transfection. Use of carbohydrates as molecular recognition ligands for cell-type specific dehvery is also briefly... 

Wong K, Sun G, Zhang X et al (2006) PEI-g-chitosan, a novel gene delivery system with transfection efficiency comparable to polyethylenimine in vitro and after liver administration in vivo. Bioconjug Chem 17 152-158... 

Lu B, Xu X-D, Zhang X-Z et al (2008) Low molecular weight polyethylenimine grafted N-maleated chitosan for gene delivery properties and in vitro transfection studies. Biomacromolecules 9(10) 2594—2600... 

Rao GA, Tsai R, Roura D et al (2008) Evaluation of the transfection property of a peptide ligand for the fibroblast growth factor receptor as part of PEGylated polyethylenimine polyplex. J Drug Target 16 79-89... 

Akinc A, Thomas M, Klibanov AM et al (2005) Exploring polyethylenimine-mediated DNA transfection and the proton sponge hypothesis. J Gene Med 7 657-663... 

Remy-Kristensen A, Clamme JP, Vuilleumier C, Kuhry JG, Mely Y (2001) Role of endocytosis in the transfection of L929 fibroblasts by polyethylenimine/DNA complexes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1514 21-32... 

Clamme JP, Krishnamoorthy G, Mely Y (2003) Intracellular dynamics of the gene delivery vehicle polyethylenimine during transfection investigation by two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1617 52-61... 

Synthetic polymer. Among the cationic synthetic polymers used for gene delivery are polyethylenimine (PEI), polyamidoamine dendrimers, and poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate).161-164 Depending on the flexibility (or rigidity) of the polymers, they form either a small (<100 nm) DNA polyplex or a large (>1 to 10 pm) DNA polyplex.165 More detailed physicochemical properties and their transfection efficacy are to be discussed. 

Lambert, R. C., Maulet, Y., Dupont, J. L., et al. Polyethylenimine-mediated DNA transfection of peripheral and central neurons in primary culture Probing Ca2+ channel structure and function with antisense oligonucleotides. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 7 239-246, 1996. 

Benns, J.M., R.I. Mahato, and S.W. Kim. 2002. Optimization of factors influencing the transfection efficiency of folate-PEG-folate-graft-polyethylenimine. /. Control. Release 79 255-269. 

Several polycations with a good buffering capacity below physiological pH, such as lipopolyamines and polyamidoamine polymers, have proved to be efficient transfection agents (Boussif et al., 1995). Two of the most popular methods based on polycations are discussed below diethylami-noethyl-dextran (DEAE-dextran) and polyethylenimine (PEI). 

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