Transdermal systems novel

Okabe, H., Suzuki, E., Sayito, T., Takayama, K. and Nagai, T. 1994. Development of novel transdermal system containing rf-limonene and ethanol as absorption enhancers. J. Control Rel., 32 243-247. 

As pharmaceutical scientists gain experience and tackle the primary challenges of developing stable parenteral formulations of proteins, the horizons continue to expand and novel delivery systems and alternative routes of administration are being sought. The interest in protein drug delivery is reflected by the wealth of literature that covers this topic [150-154]. Typically, protein therapeutics are prepared as sterile products for parenteral administration, but in the past several years, there has been increased interest in pulmonary, oral, transdermal, and controlled-release injectable formulations and many advances have been made. Some of the more promising recent developments are summarized in this section. 

Knepp, V.M., F.C. Szoka, and R.H. Guy. 1990. Controlled drug release from a novel liposome delivery system. II. Transdermal delivery characteristics. J Control Release 12 25. 

Specific considerations for container/closure system components for specialized delivery systems such as metered dose inhalers, dry-powder inhalers, disposable pen injectors, transdermal patches, or other novel dosage forms... 

Current research in this area involves numerous new and novel systems, many of which have strong therapeutic potential. In this chapter, we have tried to emphasize the importance of oral routes as well as others, such as ocular, transdermal, intrauterine, and vaginal. The various microencapsulation, nanoencapsulation, and liposome technologies and the release of drugs and bioactive compounds from such products have been described. 

Knepp, V. M., Hinz, R. S., Szoka, F. C., and Guy, R. H. (1988), Controlled drag release from a novel liposomal delivery system. I. Investigation of transdermal potential, /. Controlled Release, 5,211-221. 

King, M. I, et al. (2002),Transdermal delivery of insulin from a novel biphasic lipid system in diabetic rats, Diabetes Technol. Ther., 4(4), 479 188. 

Liposomes have been used for years as components of drug delivery systems, and as transdermal carriers of active ingredients in the cosmetic industry (307, 308). More recently, liposomes have found use in the food and nutritional supplement industries. Keller (308) lists more than a dozen nutritional products on the market that have been formulated with novel liposome-based delivery systems. In the food area, hposomes have been studied for their ability to encapsulate and provide controlled release of enzymes (309, 310), and liposome-encapsulated enzymes have been used to accelerate the ripening of cheese (311). 

NOVEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN DERMATOLOGICAL AND TRANSDERMAL THERAPY... 

In addition to traditional dermal and transdermal delivery formulations, such as creams, ointments, gels, and patches, several other systems have been evaluated. In the pharmaceutical semisolid and liquid formulation area,these include sprays, foams, multiple emulsions, microemulsions, liposomal formulations, transfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, cyclodextrins, glycospheres, dermal membrane structures, and microsponges. Many of these novel systems use vesicles to modulate drug delivery. Novel transdermal... 

Yu, Z. Gupta, S.K. Hwang, S.S. Cook, D.M. Duckett, M.J. Atkinson, L.E. Transdermal testosterone administration in hypogonadal men comparison of pharmacokinetics at different sites of application and at the first and fifth days of application. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1997, 57, 1129-1138. Zobrist, R.H. Quan, D. Thomas, H.M. Stanworth, S. Sanders, S.W. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of transdermal oxybutynin in vitro and in vivo performance of novel delivery system. Pharm. Res. 2003, 20, 103-109. Marzulli, E.N. Barriers to skin penetration. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1962, 39, 387-389. 

Polymethacrylate polymers may additionally be used to form the matrix layers of transdermal delivery systems and have also been used to prepare novel gel formulations for rectal administration. ... 

Chien YW. Transdermal drag delivery and delivery systems. In Chien YW, ed. Novel Drag Delivery Systems. New York Marcel Dekker, 1982 149-217. 

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