Novel delivery systems

As pharmaceutical scientists gain experience and tackle the primary challenges of developing stable parenteral formulations of proteins, the horizons continue to expand and novel delivery systems and alternative routes of administration are being sought. The interest in protein drug delivery is reflected by the wealth of literature that covers this topic [150-154]. Typically, protein therapeutics are prepared as sterile products for parenteral administration, but in the past several years, there has been increased interest in pulmonary, oral, transdermal, and controlled-release injectable formulations and many advances have been made. Some of the more promising recent developments are summarized in this section. 

The following are among the many novel delivery system approaches currently under development ... 

The process is applicable in less permeable soils by the use of novel delivery systems such as horizontal wells or fracturing. 

O Hagan, D.T. (1994). Novel Delivery Systems for Oral Vaccines. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

Kaur, I.P., Kapila, M., Agrawal, R. (2007). Role of novel delivery systems in developing topical antioxidants as therapeutics to combat photoageing. Ageing Research Reviews, 6, 271-288. 

Ilium, L., N.F. Farraj, and S.S. Davis. 1994. Chitosan as a novel delivery system for peptide drugs. Pharm Res 11 1186. 

Prodrugs definitely will lead the way in novel delivery systems addressing the need for precise targeting and efficient delivery of cancer chemotherapeutics. The understanding of cellular mechanisms and continued advances in nanotechnology, material science, and engineering will continue to drive innovation in this field. 

Araujo A, Kosaryan M, MacDowell A, et al, A novel delivery system for continuous desferrioxamine infusion in transfusional iron overload, BrJ Haematol 1996 93 835-837. 

Safety data As these carriers are novel delivery systems, there initially existed a paucity of data on their safety during chronic use. However, their existing safety record and the experience with mar... 

Novel delivery systems, using synthetic amino acids (e.g. SNAC) to facilitate absorption, allow the oral administration of unfractionated or LMW heparins sufficient to prolong the APTT. These are being evaluated. 

NOVEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN DERMATOLOGICAL AND TRANSDERMAL THERAPY... 

Yu, Z. Gupta, S.K. Hwang, S.S. Cook, D.M. Duckett, M.J. Atkinson, L.E. Transdermal testosterone administration in hypogonadal men comparison of pharmacokinetics at different sites of application and at the first and fifth days of application. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1997, 57, 1129-1138. Zobrist, R.H. Quan, D. Thomas, H.M. Stanworth, S. Sanders, S.W. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of transdermal oxybutynin in vitro and in vivo performance of novel delivery system. Pharm. Res. 2003, 20, 103-109. Marzulli, E.N. Barriers to skin penetration. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1962, 39, 387-389. 

Roberts, M. Chatfield, S.N. Dougan, G. Salmonella as Carriers of Heterologous Antigens, In Novel Delivery Systems for Oral Vaccines O Hagan, D.T., Ed. CRC Press Inc. Ann Arbor, MI, 1994 27-58. 

Six cases of complications loosely related to the use of naltrexone pellet implantation during the highly controversial rapid and ultra-rapid opioid detoxification procedures have been reported (22). These included pulmonary edema, prolonged opioid withdrawal states, drug toxicity, withdrawal from cross-dependence to alcohol and benzodiazepines, aspiration pneumonia, and death. The risk of these controversial procedures and of naltrexone in this novel delivery system are high a robust scientifically validated program of research is needed to justify such treatment packages. 

Liposomes in which lecithin is included as a component of the bilayer have been used to encapsulate drug substances their potential as novel delivery systems has been investigated. This application generally requires purified lecithins combined in specific proportions. 

How does a pharmaceutical company select one or more of these novel delivery systems In almost all cases, a pharmaceutical company s objectives are based upon41... 

A few dozen potential products are in clinical development for male and/or female sexual disorders. Several of these potential products are novel delivery systems of already marketed compounds, such as two topical delivery systems of alprostadil developed by NexMed and Macro Chem, and a fyophilized liposomal delivery system for urethral administration of alprostadil, developed by Harvard Scientific. 

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