Liposome Technology

Visiting scientist at Liposome Technology, Inc., Menlo Park, California... 

Because of its clinical importance and the expected benefits of the drug in liposomal form for cancer treatment, all three American "liposome enterprises" (i.e.. Liposome Technology Inc., Erbamont, LyphoMed/Vestar joint ventures, and the Liposome Company, Inc.) are developing a formulation of liposomal doxorubicin. Clinical studies already show promising results as far as the acute toxicity is concerned (less vomiting, nausea, and hair loss) (Gabizon et al., 1989 Treat et al., 1989),... 

FIGURE 11 Duration of bronchodilator activity in an animal model Anesthesized guinea pigs received 1 ymol/kg of terbutaline, free or in liposomes, via intracheal instillation at time zei o. Bronchodilator activity was measured as the reduction in histamine-induced airway resistance. Histamine (10 yg/kg) was administered i.v. prior to each resistance measurement, o saline (n = 3) free drug (n = 3) a liposomal drug (n = 4). (Courtesy of Liposome Technology, Inc., Menlo Park, California.)... 

Kirby, C. J., and Gregoriadis, G. (1984). A simple procedure for preparing liposomes capable of high encapsulation efficiency under mild conditions, in Liposome Technology, Vol. 1 (G. Gregoriadis, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 19-27. 

Liposome Technology, Gregoriadis, G., Ed. CRC Press Boca Raton, FL, 1984. 

G. Poste, R. Kirsh, and T. Koestler, eds. Liposome Technology. Targeted Drug Delivery and Biological Interactions, Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1984. 

The end-products of liposome technology are used in retail markets, for the diagnosis of disease, as therapeutic agents, as vaccines, and as important components in assays designed to either detect or quantify certain analytes. 

The following sections discuss the properties and applications of liposome technology as well as the most common methods of preparing conjugates of them with proteins and other molecules. 

Gregoriadis, G. (1984) Liposome technology. Volume III Targeted drug delivery and biological interaction. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 

This work was supported in part by grants from Liposome Technology Inc., later SEQUUS Pharmaceuticals (LTI, Menlo Park, California, U.S.A.), then ALZA Corporation, Mountain View, California, and the Barenholz Fimd. This manuscript is based on studies done since 1988 and still ongoing by many students and researchers of the Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research at the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, headed by the author. The most important contributors are Drs. G. Haran, R. Cohen, O. Garbuzenko, and S. Clerc. 

Barenholz Y, Amselem S. Quality control assays in the development and clinical use of liposome-based formulations. In Gregoriadis G, ed. Liposome Technology. Vol. 1. 2d ed. Boca Raton CRC Press, 1993 527-616. 

Chonn A, Cullis PR. Recent advances in liposome technologies and their applications for systemic gene delivery. Adv Drug Del Rev 1998 30 73. 

For the design of mitochondriotropic liposomes, we have used a method, that has been a standard procedure in liposome technology for over 30 years the lipid-mediated anchoring of artificially hydrophobized water-soluble molecules into liposomal membranes (25-28). We have hydrophobized mitochondriotropic TPP cations by conjugating them to long alkyl residues specifically, we have synthesized stearyl TPP (STPP) salts (29). Following liposome preparation in the presence of STPP, the liposomal surface became covalently modified with TPP cations, thereby rendering these liposomes mitochondriotropic as verified in vitro by fluorescence microscopy (30). 

The great strides made toward the application of liposomes in the treatment and prevention of disease over nearly four decades are largely due to developments in liposome technology earlier achievements were included in the previous two editions of this book (7,8). The avalanche of new techniques that came with further expansion of liposomology since... 

Gregoriadis G. Liposome Technology 2nd Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Volumes I, II and III, 1992. 

Tilcock, C. Liposomal paramagnetic MR contrast agents. In Gregoriadis, G., editor. Liposome Technology, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1993, vol 2, 65-87. 

Tiddy, G.J.T., Surfactant-water liquid crystal phases, Phys. Rep., 57 1-46 (1980). Gregoriadis, G., ed.. Liposome Technology, Vols. I-III, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1993. 

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