Traditional delivery systems

Fig. 3. The plasma concentration of drug in the patient as a function of time after administration ---) traditional delivery system with repetitive administration ( ), (-) prolonged...

Whether it is for the development of new package formats, such as for intranasal drug administration or transdermal patches, or for more traditional delivery systems, such as cycle packs, solutions, or aerosols, the need to educate employees involved in the processing is essential to the transfer program s success. Identifying and controlling process variables are necessary while experience is gained, and the process is optimized and validated. 

Con trolled-release delivery system Fig. 3.1 (a) Traditional delivery system, (b) controUed-release deUveiy system... 

The solvent delivery system must be capable of pumping solvent at a constant, pulse-free flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. Traditionally, SEC pumps have been optimized to operate at 1.0 ml/min. 

Traditional Apparatus. As indicated earlier, liquid delivery systems for controlled rate addition of monomers and initiators have tended to rely upon constant speed piston pumps (19) in which volumetric control is achieved by manual adjustment of stroke length, and monitoring is by discharge from measuring cylinders. 

Vaccination to induce an adaptive immune response is expected for a broad range of infectious diseases and cancers. Traditional vaccines are mainly composed of live attenuated viruses, whole inactivated pathogens, or inactivated bacterial toxins. In general, these approaches have been successful for developing vaccines that can induce an immune response based on antigen-specific antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, which kill host cells infected with intracellular organisms (Fig. 1) [1,2], One of the most important current issues in vaccinology is the need for new adjuvants (immunostimulants) and delivery systems. Many of the vaccines currently in development are based on purified subunits, recombinant... 

An automatic probe tuning and matching (ATM) accessory allows one to automatically tune the NMR probe to the desired nuclei s resonant frequency and match the resistance of the probe circuit to 50 Q [7]. Traditional NMR instruments are designed so that one must perform these adjustments manually prior to data acquisition on a new sample. The advent of the ATM accessory allows the sampling of many different NMR samples without the need for human intervention. The ATM in conjunction with a sample changer enables NMR experiments to be conducted under complete automation. The sample changers are designed so that once the samples are prepared, they are placed into the instrument s sample holders. Data are then acquired under software control of both the mechanical sample delivery system as well as the electronics of the spectrometer. 

The traditional HPLC instrument is composed of two different parts the first part separates the components of the sample and the other part accomplishes the detection of the components separated. The part of the HPLC carrying out the separation contains a column, an injection device and the eluent delivery system (pump with filters, degasser and transfer tubing, eventually a mixer for gradient elution). One or more detectors, a signal output device coupled with appropriate software, are responsible for detection and primary data evaluation. Pumps deliver the eluent or the different components of the eluent into the column with a precise, constant and reproducible flow rate. 

Bio-nanomaterials are significantly different from traditional larger biomaterials (e g., implants or microparticles as mentioned earlier) in terms of their physical and biological properties. Due to their new set of biological and physical properties, bio-nanomaterials also show potential for use as therapeutics and in dmg delivery systems. For instance, Na and coworkers in 2007 used a bio-nanomaterial, heparin/... 

The induction of an immune response by various mucosal routes is an important approach for the control of mucosally acquired infections. The apparent linked nature of the mucosal immune system enables the delivery of an antigen to any mucosal surface to have the secondary effect of potentially inducing immunity at others. Induction of a combination of systemic and secretory immune responses can be determined by the nature of the antigen, the route of administration, and the delivery system utilized. For example, traditional parenteral vaccines primarily induce IgM and IgG responses, whereas mucosal vaccination can elicit both IgG and secretory IgA responses (Corthesy, 2007). 

---