Trace elements inductively coupled plasma-mass

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a multielement analytical method with detection limits which are, for many trace elements, including the rare earth elements, better than those of most conventional techniques. With increasing availability of ICP-MS instalments in geological laboratories this method has been established as the most prominent technique for the determination of a large number of minor and trace elements in geological samples. 

Zheng, J., Kosmus, W., Pichler-Semmelrock, F., and Kock, M., Arsenic speci-ation in human urine reference materials using high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection, /. Trace Elements Med. Biol., 13, 150, 1999. 

Pilon F, Lorthioir S, Birolleau J-C, et al. 1996. Determination of trace elements in radioactive and toxic materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Anal Atom Spectrom 11 759-763. 

Elemental Speciation - New Approaches for Trace Element Analysis Discrete Sample Introduction Techniques for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry... 

H. Louie, M. Wu, P. Di, P. Snitch, and G. Chappie. Determination of Trace Elements in Seawater Using Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 17(2002) 587-591. 

Hollocher, K. and Ruiz, J. (1995). Major and trace-element determinations on NIST glass standard reference material-611, material-612, material-614, and material-1834 by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geostandards Newsletter 19 27-34. 

Jarvis, K. E. (1988). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry a new technique for the rapid or ultra-trace level determination of the rare-earth elements in geological materials. Chemical Geology 68 31-39. 

Jarvis, K. E. and Williams, J. G. (1993). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) a rapid technique for the direct, quantitative determination of major, trace and rare-earth elements in geological samples. Chemical Geology 106 251—262. 

Watmough, S.A., Hutchinson, T. C., and Evans, R. D. (1998). Development of solid calibration standards for trace elemental analyses of tree rings by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Environmental Science and Technology 32 2185-2190. 

The primary and immediate need is for a trace metal reference material, but a certified reference material would provide even greater benefits. A technique based on isotope dilution with detection by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Wu and Boyle, 1998) most clearly meets the traceability criteria required for a certified reference material. Although useful for iron and several other metals, isotope dilution is not possible for monoisotopic elements like cobalt, so other techniques must also be used. Indeed, it is advisable that several techniques be used to certify a trace metal reference material. 

The major anions and cations in seawater have a significant influence on most analytical protocols used to determine trace metals at low concentrations, so production of reference materials in seawater is absolutely essential. The major ions interfere strongly with metal analysis using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and must be eliminated. Consequently, preconcentration techniques used to lower detection limits must also exclude these elements. Techniques based on solvent extraction of hydrophobic chelates and column preconcentration using Chelex 100 achieve these objectives and have been widely used with GFAAS. 

R95031 Method 1638 Detennination of Trace Elements in Ambient Waters by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry 821R96005 Method 1638 Determination of Trace Elements in Ambient Waters by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry 821R96006 Method 1639 Determination of Trace Elements in Ambient Waters by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption 821R96007 Method 1640 Determination of Trace Elements in Ambient Waters by On-Line Chelation Preconcentration and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry... 

Major and trace element concentrations in the acidified samples were determined via ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy) at the GSC s Geochemistry Research Laboratory. Dissolved anion concentrations were measured by 1C (ion chromatography) on the unacidified samples, also at the GSC s Geochemistry Research Laboratory. Characterization of the sediment mineralogy and texture by XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) is ongoing. 

The main purpose of this work is to determine the IPGE contents of chromites from mantle podiform chromitites, from crustal stratiform chromitites and from various types of lavas. The analyses have been carried out by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICPMS) which allows in-sltu determination of trace elements in chromite. 

Bibak, A., Sturup, S., Haahr, V, Gundersen, R, Gundersen, V. (1999). Concentrations of 50 major and trace elements in Danish agricultural crops measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 3. Potato (Solanum tuberosum Folva). J. Agric. Food Chem., 47,2678-2684. 

The distributions of trace elements between minerals and within a suite of related rocks provide powerful tools for constraining the origin and history of rocks and meteorites. Trace-element abundances for rocks typically are part of the data set collected when determining bulk compositions. Trace element compositions of minerals require more powerful techniques such as the ion microprobe or the laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS). 

Further applications of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the trace and ultratrace and isotope analysis of long-hved radionuclides are discussed in references1 3,9actinide elements is presented by Geipel.91... 

R Keenan, M. Cooke, and J. Appleton, Trace Element Profiting of Dental Tissues Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1996, 354.254.]... 

The trace element profile of teeth at the opening of this chapter was obtained by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Figure 21-28 shows an example in which coffee beans were extracted with trace-metal-grade nitric acid and the aqueous extract was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry. Coffee brewed from either bean contains —15 ngPb/mL. However, the Cuban beans also contain Hg at a concentration similar to that of Pb. 

FigurB 24-23 Extracted element chromatograms produced by gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Each trace responds to just one element. [From D. Protrock.

Inorganic pigments and lakes (organic dyes bonded to an inorganic support) can be recognized by the ratio of elements in their composition, making elemental analysis an important tool in their identification. EDS may facilitate an initial qualitative analysis, but quantitative analysis and the detection of trace elements are needed to identify the inorganic colorant components. Due to sample size restrictions, the methods that can be employed are limited. The techniques of inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ICP-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and laser ablation ICP-MS are described in the literature (56). 

Trace elemental analysis of ancient ceramics has been proven a very useful tool for tracing the circulation of this material. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was for years the analytical technique of choice to measure the composition of ceramics because of the large number of elements it could determine and its good sensitivity. Lately, a few publications have shown that laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) could provide similar results as INAA more quickly and at lower cost. A protocol has been developed to determine 51 elements using LA-ICP-MS and tested it on Wari period ceramics previously analyzed using INAA. We show how INAA and LA-ICP-MS analysis lead to the same conclusion in terms of sample groupings. 

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has seen increasing use in trace element studies of ceramics in the last two decades. While early work using weak acid extraction proved problematic (/), recent work by Kennet et al. using microwave digestion (2) and by Larson et al. using laser ablation (3) have yielded considerable advances in the application of this technique. 

ASTM D-6357. Test Methods for Determination of Trace Elements in Coal, Coke, and Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass, and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometries. 

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