Spectroscopy graphite furnace atomic absorption

A technique is any chemical or physical principle that can be used to study an analyte. Many techniques have been used to determine lead levels. For example, in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy lead is atomized, and the ability of the free atoms to absorb light is measured thus, both a chemical principle (atomization) and a physical principle (absorption of light) are used in this technique. Chapters 8-13 of this text cover techniques commonly used to analyze samples. 

D. Wienke, T. Vijn and L. Buydens, Quality self-monitoring of intelligent analyzers and sensor based on an extended Kalman filter an application to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Anal. Chem., 66 (1994) 841-849. 

High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection [106, 107] or ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with detection by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy [108] proved to be sensitive methods, but may lack from limitations in separation power and ease of identification of unknown products. 

The major anions and cations in seawater have a significant influence on most analytical protocols used to determine trace metals at low concentrations, so production of reference materials in seawater is absolutely essential. The major ions interfere strongly with metal analysis using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and must be eliminated. Consequently, preconcentration techniques used to lower detection limits must also exclude these elements. Techniques based on solvent extraction of hydrophobic chelates and column preconcentration using Chelex 100 achieve these objectives and have been widely used with GFAAS. 

GFAAS Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy... 

Hansson HC, Ekholm AKP, Ross HB. 1988. Rainwater analysis A comparison between proton-induced x-ray emission and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Environmental Science and Technology 22 527-531. 

Sounderajan, S., A.C. Udas, and B. Venkataramani. 2007. Characterization of arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) in water samples using ammonium molybdate and estimation by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. J. Hazard. Mater. 149 238-242. 

In EMEP, ICP-MS is dehned as the reference technique. The exception is mercury, where cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CV-AFS) is chosen. Other techniques may be used, if they are shown to yield results of a quality equivalent to that obtainable with the recommended method. These other methods include graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS), flame-atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS), and CV-AFS. The choice of technique depends on the detection limits desired. ICP-MS has the lowest detection limit for most elements and is therefore suitable for remote areas. The techniques described in this manual are presented with minimum detection limits. Table 17.2 lists the detection limits for the different methods. 

GFAAS graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy... 

Inorganic extractables/leachables would include metals and other trace elements such as silica, sodium, potassium, aluminum, calcium, and zinc associated with glass packaging systems. Analytical techniques for the trace analysis of these elements are well established and include inductively coupled plasma—atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), ICP-MS, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), electron microprobe, and X-ray fluorescence. Applications of these techniques have been reviewed by Jenke. " An example of an extractables study for certain glass containers is presented by Borchert et al. ". ... 

The total arsenic in the samples obtained as described earlier, is determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy... 

Ng K. C., Ali A. H., Barber T. E. and Winefordner J. D. (1988) Multiple mode semiconductor diode laser as a spectral line source for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, Anal Chem 62 1893-1895. 

Figure 5.2 The EPA procedure for the acid digestion of sediments, sludges and soils using a hot-plate GFAAS, graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy FAAS, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic absorption spectroscopy [1],...

Methods have therefore been developed to extract tin compounds from sediment, particularly in estuarine environments. The specific details for organ-otin compound (excluding monoalkyl tin compounds) extraction from sediment, sewage sludge, weeds and fish tissue are shown in Figure 5.11, while the conditions employed for the analysis of organotin extracts by electrothermal (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectroscopy are shown in Table 5.3. Calibration... 

Finally, it is recommended that for inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis a final filtration (0.45 xm) is carried out in order to prevent nebulizer blockages. If graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) is the method of analysis, it is recommended that the standard additions method of calibration is used (see Chapter 1). 

To be able to identify the instrumental requirements for graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). 

Figure 11.14 A typical time-temperature profile for graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy 1, drying 2, ashing 3, atomization 4, cleaning 5, cooling. From Dean, J. R., Atomic Absorption and Plasma Spectroscopy, ACOL Series, 2nd Edn, Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1997. Reproduced with permission of the University of Greenwich.

GPC (total radioactive strontium) = beta gas proportional counter Bq = Becquerel dpm = disintegrations per minute EDTA = ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid GFAAS (total strontium) = graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy ICP-AES (total strontium) = inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy ICP-MS (isotopic strontium composition) = inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry LSC (isotopic quanitification of 89Srand 90Sr) = liquid scintillation counting pCi = pico curies (10-12 curies) PIXE (total strontium) = proton induced x-ray emission TMAH = tetramethylammonium hydroxide TNA (total strontium) = thermal neutron activation and radiometric measurement TRXF (total strontium) = total-reflection x-ray fluorescence... 

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