Toxics toxic effect

Ah-receptor-mediated toxicity Toxic effects associated with the binding of polychlorinated aromatic componnds snch as coplanar PCBs and PCDDs to the Ah receptor. 

Electrophile Parent compound Enzymes catalyzing toxication Toxic effect... 

There are numerous variables related to the ways in which organisms are exposed to toxic substances. One of the most crucial of these, dose, is discussed in Section 6.5. Another important factor is the toxicant concentration, which may range from the pure substance (100%) down to a very dilute solution of a highly potent poison. Both the duration of exposure per exposure incident and the frequency of exposure are important. The rate of exposure, inversely related to the duration per exposure, and the total time period over which the organism is exposed are both important situational variables. The exposure site and route strongly affect toxicity. Toxic effects are largely the result of metabolic processes on substances that occur after exposure, and much of the remainder of this book deals with these kinds of processes. 

The chemotherapeutic agent does not differentiate between cancerous and normal cells, and hence causes severe toxicity. Toxic effects are leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, ulceration, diarrhea, azoospermia, infertility, premature menopause, alopecia, and vomiting. On prolonged use, these agents may cause gonadal damage and teratogenicity. 

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) develops criteria documents to describe the scientific basis for occupational safety and health standards. They contain critical reviews of the available literature on physical and chemical properties, uses and occurrence, toxicokinetics, general toxicity, toxic effects on various organs, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and developmental and reproductive toxicity of particular agents. Data are evaluated in the context of potential human occupational exposures, and recommendations for minimizing safety and health risks are provided. Most of these documents were written more than 10 years ago, and many are more than 20 years old. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects may occur at plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range. 

ToxiciTY. Toxic effects may be produced at serum concentrations of 30 ig/ml or more or, during chronic treatment, if the trough serum concentration exceeds 10 pg/ml. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects are infrequent and are usually associated with plasma concentrations greater than about 600 pg/ml. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects may be produced by plasma concentrations greater than 20 pg/ml. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects have been associated with blood concentrations greater than 0.4pg/ml of clomipramine plus monodesmethylclomipramine. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects are likely to occur at serum concentrations above 10 pg/ml. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects may be produced by blood concentrations greater than 1.5 pg/ml fatalities caused by diazepam alone are rare, but may occur at blood concentrations greater than 5 pg/ ml. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects may be produced by serum concentrations greater than 2 mmol/litre. Blood concentrations of about 5 mmol/litre or more are usually fatal, although in one instance of survival which occurred after the ingestion of 22.5 g of lithium carbonate, the maximum serum concentration was 8.2 mmol/ litre a fatality due to the acute ingestion of lithium carbonate in which the serum concentration was 2.43 mmol/litre on admission to hospital and 1.93 mmol/litre at the time of death has also been reported. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects are rare and are usually due to accumulation after large doses. Three children had symptoms of toxicity after doses of 6, 9, and 12 g but they subsequently recovered. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects are usually associated with plasma-procainamide concentrations of about 12pg/ml or more and fatalities with concentrations greater than 20 pg/ml. As little as 200 mg intravenously can be fatal. 

Toxicity. Toxic effects have occurred after single doses of 60 mg. 

Anticholinergic Belladonna Atropa belladonna 0.3%-0.6% hyoscyamine in leaves and root Anticholinergic toxicity Toxic effects with 5mg-50mg... 

Bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara Solasonine in stem and unripe berries Anticholinergic toxicity Toxic effects with >10 berries fatal adult dose 200 berries... 

The section on pharmacology includes the topics of cations, hyperosmolality, adverse reactions and toxicity, toxic effects on red blood cells, cardiovascular effects, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, protein binding, histamine release, pharmacokinetics, formulation, excretion, and biotransformation. 

Cation toxicity Toxic effects from Na+ or K+ may occur when high doses of penicillin salts are used in patients with cardiovascular or renal disease. 

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