Toxicity ingestion

Specification grade K nitrate gains 0,76% by wt at 70°F and 90% relative humidity Toxicity. Ingestion of large amounts may cause violent irritation of the intestinal lining. Prolonged exposure to small amounts may result in anemia and nephritis. Moderately poisonous on ingestion or inhalation (Refs 9 10)... 

Methanol is highly toxic => ingestion of small quantities of methanol can cause blindness large quantities cause death. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Bartonellosis, brucellosis, other causes of encephalitis, coxsackieviruses, cryptococcosis, cysticercosis, cytomegalovirus, histoplasmosis, legionellosis, leptospirosis, listeria, lyme disease, malaria, rabies, tuberculosis, mumps, stroke, metabolic encephalopathy, Reye syndrome, Bartonella infection, Naegleria infection, Ebstein-Barr virus, prion disease, toxic ingestions, and AIDS. 

Symptoms of exposure Powerful convulsant and toxic. Ingestion of 30 to 60 mg/kg may be fatal to humans (Patnaik, 1992). 

The solid or its solution is highly toxic. Ingestion can cause death. Exposure to the solid can be harmful as it decomposes to highly toxic hydrogen cyanide and ammonia. 

Sodium cyanide is extremely toxic. Ingestion of a small quantity can be fatal. The toxic properties are similar to Potassium Cyanide (See Potassium Cyanide). 

Sodium fluoride is an acute toxicant. Ingestion of large quantites (5 to lOg) can cause death in humans. Smaller quantities can produce nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stupor, and weakness. Other symptoms are tremor, muscular weakness, and dyspnea. Mottling of teeth can occur from chronic exposure. 

Zinc is an essential nutrient and is not regarded as toxic. However, the metal fumes, its oxide fumes, and chloride fumes can produce adverse inhalation effects. (See Zinc Oxide and Zinc Chloride, Toxicity) Ingestion of soluble salts can cause nausea. 

Aromatherapy uses a variety of fragrant plant oils to treat mood or physical problems either topically (as an adjunct to massage) or through inhalation. Some of these oils are quite potent, and if not used in proper dilution, they may cause skin irritation or contact allergy. Toxic ingestions are also possible. 

Loop diuretics are useful in treating toxic ingestions of bromide, fluoride, and iodide, which are reabsorbed in the TAL. Saline solution must be administered to replace urinary losses of Na+ and to provide , so as to avoid extracellular fluid volume depletion. 

Sulphuric acid 0.25 g, 2.5 mmol highly toxic, ingestion may be fatal, skin contact can lead to severe burns, chronic exposure may result in lung damage and possibly cancer... 

Toxicity. Ingestion by adults of up to 0.8 g without serious adverse effects has been reported. 

Toxicity. Ingestion of 3.5 g has been reported without serious toxic effects. 

For patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to proteet their airway, activated charcoal diluted in water may be administered before going to the... 

Gastrointestinal decontamination in acute toxic ingestion has been reviewed (1). 

Lheureux P, Askenasi R, Paciorkowski F. Gastrointestinal decontamination in acute toxic ingestions. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 1998 61(4) 461-7. 

Plasma exchange is helpful in the removal of large molecular weight substances and highly protein-bound intoxicants. Toxic ingestions of poisonous mushrooms (e.g. amanita phaUoides [38, 39]) and snake-bite en-venomations [40] have been effectively treated with... 

Protoanemonin is released through enzymatic cleavage when the plant is crushed but is poorly absorbed due to low solubility. Large amounts may cause systemic toxicity. Ingestion of six or more berries may... 

Garbage poisoning is rarely a severe condition in small animals because the animals usually vomit and thereby reduce the amount of toxicant ingested. However, in severe cases veterinary attention will be required. If the cat or dog is presented early after ingestion, general decontamination procedures should be performed to reduce absorption. Antiinflammatory corticosteroids and antibiotics should be given. Further treatment involves appropriate supportive therapy. 

Route-dependent Toxicity. Ingested aliphatic hydrocarbons in the EC5-EC8 and EC>8-EC16 fractions are aspirated to the lungs and can lead to pulmonary irritation, edema, and pneumonia. Materials with low viscosity (in the range of 30-35 centipoise) present an extreme aspiration risk, whereas those with high viscosity (150-250 centipoise) present very low aspiration risk (Snodgrass 1997). 

Hazard Low toxicity ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. 

Reproductive Toxicity. Ingestion of 0.1 ml of 25 mmol 1 Na2 WO4 on day 3 and 8 of pregnancy had no effect on plantation and gave rise to increased frequency of resorption. 

Vance MV, Selden BS, Qark RF. Optimal patient position for transport and initial management of toxic ingestions. Ann Emerg Med 1992 21 243-246. 

American College of Emergency Physicians. Qinical policy for the initial approach to patients presenting with acute toxic ingestion or dermal or inhalation exposure. Ann Emerg Med 1999 33 735-761. 

High anion gap metabolic acidosis may develop in many clinical settings, inclnding nncontrolled diabetes meUitns (see Chap. 72), alcohol intoxication (see Chaps. 37 and 65), and starvation (see Chap. 62). Toxic ingestions of methanol, ethylene glycol, and salicylates are also associated with high anion gap metabolic acidosis (see Chap. 10). The mechanisms responsible for the development of acidosis in these settings are diverse. 

Methyl alcohol is colorless, flammable and has a characteristic odor. Its taste is similar to ethanol but it is highly toxic. Ingestion of even small quantities of methyl alcohol can cause blindness, large quantities cause death. Methyl alcohol poisoning may also occur by inhalation of the vapors or by prolonged exposure to the skin. Since methyl alcohol can be deadly, pyridin, which has a bad odor, or dyes are added to it to prevent its use as a drink. As methyl alcohol has a low freezing point (-97 °C), it has been used as antifreeze in radiators. 

Toxic ingestion of substance or inhalation of decomposition products will cause severe injury or death. 

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