For gastrointestinal decontamination

Gastrointestinal decontamination with multiple dose activated charcoal is recommended for recent acute ingestion [86] and may be most effective (along with cathartics) for enteric coated salicylate preparations. Induction of emesis with ipecac is no longer recommended [86]. Alkalinization of the urine is recommended for patients with preserved renal function who are unsuitable or do not meet criteria for dialysis [87] and may be of benefit during preparation for hemodialysis. 

Animals are at risk for anticholinergic poisoning from atropine. Toxicity is similar to that in humans. Gastrointestinal decontamination and supportive care should be employed. 

Basic and advanced life-support measures should be performed as necessary. Gastrointestinal decontamination procedures should be considered for substantial recent ingestions. Activated charcoal will adsorb codeine. Patients with respiratory or CNS depression can be treated with intravenous boluses of naloxone. A continuous naloxone infusion may be necessary if the toxic effects of codeine persist longer than the duration of action of naloxone. 

Basic and advanced life-support measures should be utilized as necessary. Treatment of colchicine toxicity is largely supportive. Activated charcoal effectively adsorbs colchicines and should be administered for substantial recent ingestions. Aggressive early gastrointestinal decontamination may be life saving. Severe anemia may require packed red blood... 

Treatment is generally supportive. All patients should have intravenous access, cardiac monitoring, and should be observed for hypothermia and hypotension. Gastrointestinal decontamination procedures should be used as appropriate based on the patient s level of consciousness and history of ingestion. Activated charcoal can be used to adsorb ethchlorvynol if used within an hour of the exposure. A complete blood count should be obtained to assess for anemia or thrombocytopenia. Hypotension should initially be treated by elevating the feet and administering an intravenous fluid bolus, followed by administration of vasopressors such as norepinephrine or dopamine if necessary. Pulmonary edema should be managed with positive end... 

In the patient who presents with seizures, airway protection and seizure control are primary goals. Disturbances in cardiac rhythm or function also require immediate attention. Ipecac-induced emesis is contraindicated due to the risk of seizures and the resulting potential for aspiration. Gastrointestinal decontamination via administration of activated charcoal should be considered for substantial recent ingestions. Pyridoxine is administered intravenously to all symptomatic and potentially serious asymptomatic overdoses as it provides rapid relief or prevention of severe toxicity, including seizures. The pyridoxine dosage is... 

If dermal or eye contact with the liquid occurs, the affected areas should be flushed thoroughly with water for at least 15 min and the patient observed for resulting skin or eye irritation. In case of inhalation, the victim should be moved to fresh air and the patient should be monitored for respiratory irritation and pulmonary edema. If ingestion occurs, basic and advanced life-support measures should be utilized as necessary. Gastrointestinal decontamination procedures are unlikely to provide clinical benefit. The use of methylene blue should be considered in the treatment of nitroethane-induced methemoglobinemia. Repeat doses of methylene blue may be necessary for patients with profound methemoglobinemia. 

Gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered for patients who have ingested pentazocine only after initial supportive care has been provided and airway control has been assured. Activated charcoal (1 gkg ) may be administered. Syrup of ipecac is contraindicated after overdose with pentazocine due to the potential for rapid clinical deterioration. Gastric lavage is not indicated. Naloxone can be infused in an attempt to reverse respiratory and CNS depression. Naloxone administration may precipitate opioid withdrawal and should be administered slowly. Recent case series have demonstrated that naloxone may not result in clinical improvement in the majority of patients who have overdosed on pentazocine. 

Though ricin can be deadly, most exposures result in uncomfortable but limited gastroenteritis and minimal systemic toxicity. Gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered, depending on the time of ingestion. Symptomatic and supportive measures are the mainstay of treatment. There is no specific antidote for this toxin. 

Gastrointestinal decontamination and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment. Atropine may be used for excessive bronchial secretions. Removal of clothes that have been exposed and washing the victim are important for treatment of dermal exposure. 

Basic and advanced life-support measures should be utilized as necessary. Treatment is entirely symptomatic and supportive. Gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal may be used depending upon the patient s clinical status, the history of the ingestion, and the time since the ingestion. Mechanical ventilation may be required for patients with decreased respiratory function. 

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