Toxic smoke

Gift-mehl, n. crude powdered arsenic trioxide, -mittel, n. antidote. -nebel, m. (Mil.) toxic smoke, -nebelkerze, /. (Mil.) toxic smoke candle, -nebelwolke, /. (Mil.) toxic... 

True. When someone smokes tobacco, the air becomes contaminated with tobacco smoke over a wide area. This can be particularly dense when several people smoke in the same room. This smoke contains high levels of toxic chemicals and can eventually lead to all the diseases associated with smoking in non-smokers who breathe this toxic smoke. 

The calculation of the fire s outcome in the third step includes the distribution of heat, smoke, and toxic gases throughout the building of concern. It allows the introduction of people into that building and monitors their movement in response to the fire. They may escape safely or fail to escape due to heat or the inhalation of toxic smoke. The benefits of changing some component of the defined fire problem is observed in the change in the number of deaths predicted, rather than by direct comparison of the toxic potencies of the different smokes. This mirrors the complexity of real-life fires. 

All these polymers incorporate high halogen levels that are environmentally harmful. PTFE creep and abrasion sensitivity injection and extrusion are impossible by conventional processes high dimensional variation at glass transition temperature (19°C) high cost high density very difficult to stick corrosive and toxic smoke generated in fires. 

Exposure to Eire Hazards The use of personal protective equipment to prevent personnel exposure to hazards resulting from fires, such as toxic smoke. 

Respiratory system toxicity. Smoke of cured leaf, administered by inhalation to adults at an undiluted concentration, was active on asthma . 

For munitions contg colored smoke mixts and toxic smoke mixts, the reaction product may vary from gaseous with slag to highly gaseous without slag... 

NaCl, KC1 type smoke NICO Pyrotechnik, Germany produces a non-toxic smoke formulation called KM which contains KCl-44%, KN03-27%, KC104-5%, Mg-8% and azodicarbonamide-16%. The aerosol contains par-... 

CA 86, 51210 (1977) [The toxic effect of PVC combstn products on the human organism was evaluated and the Toxic Threshold Level is reported as 0.3g of PVC products/M3 of air] 2) M. Bert et al, Reduction of Smoke Generation in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Combustion , FireRes (4-5), 301-11 (1978) CA 90,72796 (1979) [The authors report that the most efficient (toxic) smoke suppressors for PVC are those which show catalytic activity in oxidation reactions, such as Cu, Fe, or V compds. These suppressors cause incandescence and complete combstn of the solid residue without excessive smoke prodn. They conclude that their efficiency is not very dependent on the anion bound to the metal, but may depend on the temp] 3) E A. Harrison, Toxicity of Vinyl... 

One of the most important tasks was to improve respiratory protection, particularly against toxic smokes, which had been a feature of chemical warfare in the latter years of the war. Little was known of the properties and behaviour of particular clouds and of methods which might be used to remove them from the atmosphere. It was recognised that many years of research was required in order to provide adequate understanding and knowledge of the particulates, which could then sanction the design of effective filters for inclusion in the new respirators. Towards the end of the First World War, charcoal was normally used as a filter in... 

The fire eventually starts spreading beyond the first item ignited (note the burning curtain on the floor in Figure 14.1c) and visibility through the upper smoke layer drops to zero. Conditions become untenable when the heat flux to the lower part of the compartment exceeds a critical level, or when people become exposed to the hot toxic smoke. At this point, it is no longer possible to control the fire with a portable extinguisher. 

The presence of an ongoing hazard (e.g. persistent toxic smoke or chemicals). 

Hanaoka, S., Nomura, K., Kudo, S. (2005). Identification and quantitative determination of diphenylarsenic compounds in abandoned toxic smoke canisters. J. Chromatogr. A 1085 213-23. 

SAFETY PROFILE Low toxicity by ingestion and skin contact. A human skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic smoke and fumes. 

The so-called intumescents form another class of flame retardants. These are low smoke release flame retardants which combine nitrogen and phosphorus. They are more costly than many halogenated compounds but are used in a.o. wire-and-cable and electronic housing uses where toxic smoke poses an immediate threat [7]. 

The toxic. smokes (DA, DM) sink finally to the ground, as does every smoke, with a. speed which is proportionate to the size of the smoke particles. Once on the ground, they can no longer rise and, like ordinary dust, they are carried away by the atmaspheric precipitations. 

Numerous special chemical de ices such as land mines, toxic smoke candles, smoke generators on tanks, etc., have also been developed during the postwar period by many of the principal world powers. 

Comparison with Smoke.—If instead of a gas we used the same quantity (30 lb.) of a toxic smoke of the same density, under the same conditions, in a concentration of 1 10,000, wre should have... 

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