Toxemia of pregnancy

Dl. Dalderup, L. M, Atherosclerosis and toxemia of pregnancy in relation to nutrition and other physiological factors. Vitamins and Hormones 17, 223-306 (1959). 

Other studies have seemed to implicate blood groupings (including Rh factors in one case) in toxemia of pregnancy, bronchopneumonia, fertility, abortions, oat cell lung tumors, and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. 10,11... 

Heart block or myocardial damage do not give in toxemia of pregnancy during the 2 hours preceding delivery. 

Pregnant women should be advised to contact their physician before taking spironolactone, since routine use of diuretics during normal pregnancy is inappropriate and exposes the mother and her fetus to an unnecessary hazard. Diuretics do not prevent development of toxemia of pregnancy, and there is no satisfactory evidence that they are useful in the treatment of toxemia. Diuretics are indicated only in the treatment of edema due to pathologic causes, or as a short course of treatment in patients with severe hypervolemia. 

ACE inhibitor Fibrinolytic therapy Menopausal osteoporosis Antidiabetic Toxemia of pregnancy Veterinary drug Vaccine, veterinary drug Antiviral... 

A 29-year-old woman, 26 weeks pregnant, was treated with hydralazine for toxemia of pregnancy. She developed arthralgia and dyspnea and was subsequently found to be antinuclear antibody-positive. Following an induced labor, a low-birth-weight infant was born but died aged 36 hours. At autopsy the neonate was found to have a pericardial effusion and tamponade (13). 

Small for gestational age-prematurity Respiratory distress syndrome Maternal diabetes meUitus Toxemia of pregnancy Other (e.g., cold stress, polycythemia)... 

Rolfes DB, Ishak KG. Liver disease in toxemia of pregnancy. Am J Gastroenterol 1986 81 1138-4. 

Diagnosis of renal problems, xanthinuria, and toxemia of pregnancy via determination of the ratio of hypoxanthine to xanthine in plasma is facilitated by the use of biosensors. Xanthine oxidase immobilized on aminopropyl-CPG (controlled pore glass) activated with glutaraldehyde oxidizes hypoxanthine first to xanthine and then to uric acid. Use of an IMER with biosensors for hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid provides the necessary data. Pre- or postcolumn enzymatic reactions catalyzed by creatinine deiminase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, or arylsufatase facilitate analysis of uremic toxins (simultaneous detection of electrolytes, serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, and methylguanidine). 

H2. Handler, J. S., The role of lactic acid in the reduced excretion of uric acid in toxemia of pregnancy. J. Clin. Invest. 39, 1526-1532 (1960). 

Treatment of toxemia of pregnancy Ureteral irrigants (hemiacidrin)... 

Wassermann M, Bercovici B, Cucos S, et al. 1980. Storage of some organochlorine compounds in toxemia of pregnancy. Environ Res 22 404 11. 

M7. Meyer, C. J., Increases of free cortisol in plasmas of patients with toxemia of pregnancy. Steroids Suppl. 1, 199-205 (1965). 

Electrolyte imbalance, and diseases that lead to electrolyte imbalance, such as adrenal cortical insufficiency, alter neuromuscular blockade. Depending on the nature of the imbalance, either enhancement or inhibition may be expected. Magnesium sulfate, used in the management of toxemia of pregnancy, enhances the skeletal-muscle-relaxing effects of pancuronium. Antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, clindamycin, lincomycin, colistin, and sodium colistimethate augment the pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. Anesthetics such as halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane enhance the action of pancuronium, whereas azathioprine will cause a reversal of neuromuscular blockade. 

The administration of synthetic corticosteroids 48 to 72 hours before delivery of a fetus of less than 33 weeks of gestation in women who have toxemia of pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, or chronic renal disease may reduce the incidence or mortality of RDS by stimulating fetal synthesis of lung surfactant. 

A. Specific ievels. Determination of semm magnesium concentration is usually rapidly available. The normal range is 1.8-3.0 mg/dL (0.75-1.25 mmol/L, or 1.5-2.5 mEq/L) total Mg. Therapeutic levels tor treatment of toxemia of pregnancy (eclampsia) are 5-7.4 mg/dL (2-3 mmol/L, or 4-6 mEq/L) total Mg. Ionized levels correlate with total Mg levels, and are not indicated. 

Assali, N.S. 1950. Studies on Veratrum viride Standardization of intravenous technique and its clinical application in the treatment of toxemia of pregnancy. Am.. Obstet. Gynecol. 60(2) 387-394. 

The serum uric acid concentration is an important index for clinical diagnosis of gout, leukemia, toxemia of pregnancy, and severe renal impairment. A number of enzymes are assayed in serum and urine for diagnostic purposes the more frequently used ones are discussed below. 

Excessive infusion of magnesium in the treatment of toxemia of pregnancy or premature labor. 

Magnesium sulfate—administered for toxemia of pregnancy/ecampsia... 

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