Percentage by volume

Alcoholometer. This hydrometer is used in determining the density of aqueous ethyl alcohol solutions the reading in degrees is numerically the same as the percentage of alcohol by volume. The scale known as Tralle gives the percentage by volume. Wine and Must hydrometer relations are given below. 

T, % tar acids, is defined as the percentage by volume extracted by 10% aqueous caustic soda. 

Variation in Percentage (by Volume) or Ozone (from Oxygen) with Rate or Flow and Secondary Voltage... 

The densities of pure iron and iron carbide at room temperature are 7.87 and 8.15 Mg m respectively. Calculate the percentage by volume of a and FojC in pearlite. 

One of the important factors affecting composite properties is the amount of fiber it contains, i,e., percentage by volume. 

An average adult has 6.0 L of blood. The Red Cross usually takes 1 pint of blood from each donor at a donation. What percentage (by volume) of a person s blood does a blood donor give in one donation ... 

The analysis of flue gas provides a measure of the efficiency of the combustion process and is given in percentages by volume. Traditionally, flue gas measurements have been taken using an Orsat apparatus, although in many industrialized countries this device has long been superseded by a wide variety of very accurate, portable, and precalibrated electronic equipment. 

In a test on a furnace fired with natural gas (composition 95 per cent methane, 5 per cent nitrogen) the following flue gas analysis was obtained carbon dioxide 9.1 per cent, carbon monoxide 0.2 per cent, oxygen 4.6 per cent, nitrogen 86.1 per cent, all percentages by volume. 

Figure 3.42 Chronopotentiograms for reduction of carbon dioxide in dimethyl sulphoxide at a mercury electrode. Percentage by volume of C02 in N2 to saturate solution is noted on the curves. From Haynes and Sawyer (1967). Copyright 1967, American Chemical Society. Reprinted...

LEL Lower explosive limit in air, expressed as a percentage by volume. 

Flammable (explosive) Range The range of gas or vapor concentration (percentage by volume in air) that will burn or explode if an ignition source is present. Limiting concentrations are commonly called the lower explosive limit and the upper explosive limit. Below the lower explosive limit, the mixture is too lean to burn above the upper explosive limit, the mixture is to rich to burn. 

The recovery devices used in France (Fig. 224) function in the following way. Fan (2) forces the air, heated in heater (I), into the predrying chamber (2). The air in the chamber is saturated with the solvent up to a content of approximately 700 g/m3 (in percentage by volume this amounts to about 30% for alcohol and to... 

If we arbitrarily take 100 moles of air, the percentages by volume indicate that... 

Cetane Number—The cetane number (C.N.) of a fuel is the percentage by volume of normal cetane in a mixture of cetane and alpha-methylnaphthalene which matches the unknown fuel in ignition quality when compared with a standard diesel engine under specified conditions. The C.N. scale ranges from 0 to 100 C.N. for fuels equivalent in ignition quality to alpha-methylnaphthalene and cetane, respectively. For routine-testing, secondary reference fuels having cetane values of about 25 and 74 are blended in any desired proportion. 

Their mean results from the analysis of the gaseous products (percentage by volume) and of the solid products (percentage by weight) are shown in the following tables. 

The symbols used in this column to denote non-aqueous solvents are given in the list of abbreviations. The entry "HgO" denotes an aqueous solution an entry like "MeCN11 denotes a solution in the nominally pure (and anhydrous) solvent given in one like "MeCN 50" the number denotes the percentage (by volume, unless otherwise specified) of the non-aqueous solvent given in a solvent mixture of which the balance is understood to be water. An occasional entry like "EtOH (aq)" reflects our inability to deduce the composition of the solvent mixture from the published Information given, and appears only when the importance of the data seemed to us to override the laxity of the reporting. Of the entries... 

As this example indicates, ternary mixtures that contain the same constituents in different proportions are listed in the order of decreasing percentage by volume of the constituent whose name is given first. If two different mixtures contain the same percentage of that constituent, they are listed in order of decreasing percentage by volume of the constituent whose name is given second. All ternary mixtures are fully cross-referenced so that they can be located in the entries for all of their constituents. 

To carry out the test, 1 vol. of the oil (10 c.c.) is treated with 10 vols. (100 c.c.) of the above mixture in a graduated cylinder, the whole being brought to 2 30 C. by immersing the cylinder in a water-bath at this temperature the cylinder is then repeatedly shaken and afterwards left at rest. With pure resin oil, solution is complete with resin oil mixed with mineral oil, the latter separates at the bottom of the cylinder and its volume, multiplied by 10, gives the approximate percentage by volume. 

SGP T TWSEC vise VISCL Vt VTGOl VTWO wc wd specific gravity of production water at system temperature T system temperature, °F time for water drop in oil phase to fall, s viscosity of liquid, gas or oil at system temperature T, cP viscosity of liquid or oil at system temperature T, cP terminal velocity of particle, ft/s particle velocity in oil phase, ft/s terminal velocity of water particle in the oil phase, ft/s BS W of treated desalter outlet crude oil, percentage by volume Barrels of dilution water per day mixed with the crude oil fluid upstream of the desalter... 

Wd% dilution water in crude oil phase, percentage by volume... 

ON Octane number. A numerical measure of the antiknock properties of motor fuel, based on percentage by volume of isooctane in a standard reference fuel. 

Methyl Alcohol.2—On employing a cherry-red incandescent iron wire, this substance yielded, besides formic acid and a little trioxymethylene, a gas mixture containing about 72 per cent, hydrogen, 20 per cent, carbon monoxide, 6.5 per cent, methane, and traces of carbon dioxide. The figures represent percentages by volume, the same as below. 

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