Total gossypol

The following food products prepared for human consumption were analyzed for free and total gossypol Proteina bread, a product of Mrs. Baird s Bakery, Fort Worth, Texas crunchy and smooth Cot-N-Nut Butter, processed at the American Nut Corporation, Lewisville, Texas ... 

Table VIII. Free and Total Gossypol in Recipe Ingredients...

Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists Society (1987b). Total gossypol. Ba 8-78. D. Firestone (ed.), American Oil Chemists Society, 1608 Broadmoor, Champaign, Illinois 61821. 

The roles of these compounds are difficult to elucidate because compounds toxic to one insect may not be toxic to another, but glandless cottonseed is significantly more susceptible to insect attack than glanded cottonseed. Gossypol in cotton acts as an inhibitor of insects but the resistance has not been correlated with the total gossypol. Eagle (19) concluded... 

Chemical analyses and fractionations. Freeze-dehydrated cotton tissue was analyzed for condensed tannin (heated n-BuOH-HCl), gossypol (phlorogluclnol-HCl), and anthocyanlns-anthocyanldlns (ale. HCl at 540 nm). Other analyses performed but not reported here were for catechin, total phenols, (tannin), and aniline reactive terpenes (gossypol). 

Lecithin can be fractionated from cottonseed as phospholipids and glycolipids. Cottonseed lecithin shows flavor and color deterioration when blended with other vegetable oils. The saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio of cottonseed phospholipids is approximately 1 2 (39). Palmitic acid constitutes 90% of the total saturated fatty acids (36%), and linoleic acid is approximately 80% of the total unsaturated fatty acids (64%). Gossypol binds to lecithin during oil extraction from glanded cottonseed (approximately 9% in cmde phospholipids). This economically negates its... 

Acidulated soybean soapstock is the product obtained from the complete acidulation and thorough setting of soapstock, which itself is the by-product obtained from the alkali refining of soybean oil. It is sold on a basis of 95% total fatty acid content. If it falls below 85% total fatty acid content, it may be rejected. Typical analyses are TFAs, 90% moisture, 1% and iodine value 125. In practice, soybean soapstock may be found in combinations with other vegetable oil soapstocks. The buyer should determine if cottonseed soapstock is present, as it may contain gossypol, which is detrimental in nonruminant feeds. Physical properties are medium brown color odor somewhat typical of soybeans, slightly nutty solid when cool and liquid and pumpable at 38 14°C (100-110°F). It qualifies under AAFCO 33.3, IFN 4-17-893 (31). 

Phytochemistry Gossypol has been isolated from the seeds (Schmidt and Wells 1990). The main fatty acids isolated from the seed oil were linoleic acid (63.61 %), hexadecanoic acid (16.72 %), oleic acid (12.30 %), stearic acid (2.23 %), and the total content of the unsaturated fatty acids was 79.11 % (Hu et al. 2006). 

The polyphenolic binaphthyl gossypol 94 displays interesting pharmacological applications like male oral contraceptive, treatment of bronchitis, total inhibitor of HIV 1, and in vitro antiviral activity against herpes type 2 virus and influenza virus (Scheme 26.28). Apogossypol 95, a degradation derivative of gossypol that lacks the aldehyde functions, still has the potent pan-active inhibitor activity of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. The naphthoic acid precursor can be obtained by... 

Stipanovic RD, Puckhaber LS, Liu J, Bell AA. Total and percent atropisomers of gossypol and goss3fpol-6-methyl ether in seeds from pima cottons and accessions of Gossypitim barbadenseL. J. Agric. EoodChem. 2009 57(2) 566-571. 

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is mainly grown for its fiber, and its seeds are collected as byproducts. Cottonseed oil content is low (20%), but due to large amounts of cotton production, cottonseed oil accounts for 5% of the total oil production in the world. Its oil is rich in ALA (56%) and palmitic and oleic acids (23% and 17%, respectively). Crude cottonseed contains gossypol, a phenolic compound, and cyclopropene acids, which render seed products not usable for food/feed without refining and hydrogenation, making them more desirable for... 

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