Total equivalent volume

Total equivalent volume of distribution Vtot (units volume). This is the total volume of the system seen from the accessible pool it is the volume in which the total amount of drug would be distributed, assuming the concentration of material throughout the system is uniform and equal to the concentration in the accessible pool. 

Equivalent Decane Content (Dimethyl Octane) Total Column Volume... 

The intraporous volumes and solid matrix volumes can be expressed as a percentage of the total bed volumes and should be equivalent to 50-55 and 15-18%, respectively. The solid matrix volume depends on the packing density and can be taken as a qualitative number for the control of the reproducibility of repeated packing procedures. 

Potassium dichromate was used as a molecular marker to measure total system volume and plate count (1). The three column sets exhibited the equivalent of approximately 250-300 plates per foot. This was adequate, even with Set I, to give near baseline resolution of an equal weight blend of the 103 nm and 312 nm samples as shown in Figure 2. This Is approximately an 84 1 number ratio. 

The total pore volume can also be determined from adsorption measurements if one knows the volume of vapor adsorbed under saturation conditions. For high surface area catalysts the amount of material adsorbed on particle exteriors will be negligible compared to that condensed in the pores. Hence the liquid phase volume equivalent to the amount of gas adsorbed is equal to the pore volume. The liquid density is assumed to be that corresponding to the saturation conditions in question. This technique is less accurate than that described previously. 

For nozzle velocities above the slow-formation range but less than 30 cm./sec., Hayworth and Treybal (H8) accounted for the kinetic energy due to nozzle velocity. Their force balance (written in the form of an equivalent-volume balance) stated that the total volume (Vt) would be equal to the volume (7 ) necessary to overcome interfacial tension, plus the volume (7 ) necessary to produce a rising velocity at least equal to the nozzle velocity, plus a negative volume (Vk) equivalent of the kinetic energy supplied by the stream from the nozzle, thus... 

When measuring powder volume in the manner described above it is necessary to avoid using any gas which can be even slightly adsorbed. If so much as a thousandth of a monolayer were adsorbed the equivalent volume of gas would be in the order of 0.001 cm for each 2.84 m of area, if nitrogen were used. Since the sample cell used in the apparatus described in Fig. 21.1 can hold 130 cm, the total surface area of the sample can be hundreds or even thousands of square meters. Thus errors of O.l-l.O cm can be incurred due to very small amounts of adsorption. This is another reason helium is recommended in any gas pycnometer. 

Centr 1 is calcd by converting the % of DPhA detd in opn (d) of (A) to its equivalent volume of normal Na thiosulfate soln and subtracting this value from the vol of notmal Na thiosulfate soln equivalent to the sum of the brominated stabilizers as obtained in opn (e) of (B). If D(mls of normal Na thiosulfate soln equivalent to DPhA in sample) is equal to (JSDPhAx W)/2.115, then % Centr 1 is equal to [6.71(C-D)] /W, where C=ml of normal Na thiosulfate soln equivalent to the sum of the stabilizers in sample and W=wt of sample corrected for total volatiles... 

Both Knudsen and molecular diffusion can be described adequately for homogeneous media. However, a porous mass of solid usually contains pores of non-uniform cross-section which pursue a very tortuous path through the particle and which may intersect with many other pores. Thus the flux predicted by an equation for normal bulk diffusion (or for Knudsen diffusion) should be multiplied by a geometric factor which takes into account the tortuosity and the fact that the flow will be impeded by that fraction of the total pellet volume which is solid. It is therefore expedient to define an effective diffusivity De in such a way that the flux of material may be thought of as flowing through an equivalent homogeneous medium. We may then write ... 

The effect of JH III on HMG-R expression in I. paraconfusus, I. pini and D. jeffreyi was investigated by determining both a dose-response and time course by standard northern blotting. JH III, dissolved in acetone, was applied topically onto the ventral abdomens of unfed adult insects, while control insects were treated with an equivalent volume of acetone. Total or poly (A)+ RNA was then isolated from intact tissues pooled from up to ten individuals for the Ips studies (Tittiger et al., 1999 Tillman et al., in preparation). For the D. jeffreyi studies, preliminary work localized JH Ill-induced HMG-R expression to the metathorax/... 

Total porosity minus moisture-equivalent (volume). 

Total porosity minus moisture-equivalent (volume) corrected for texture by a method attributed to Harding (1919). Harding s method is to correct the moisture-equivalent by a multiplier which takes into account texture of the soil. 

Assay volumes usually range from 3 pL (for 1536-well MTPs) to 50 pL (384-well MTPs). Within a given total assay volume, smaller volumes of reagents are added. Frequently, we find it convenient to add reagents into the assay in equivalent volumes of assay buffer. As an example, for a 15-pL assay, one might add 5 pL of compound solution, 5 pL of enzyme stock solution, 5 pL of substrate mix, followed by 10 pL of quench solution in a stop buffer. For kinase assays, the stop buffer may be EDTA and for phosphatase assays, sodium orthovanadate. 

A continuous analog output is provided from the 90° sensor and all the sensors are sampled every 2 sec. The molecular weight range extends from 10 to 10 Daltons and the rms radii from 10 to 50 nm. The total cell volume appears to be about 3 pi and the scattering volume is 0.02 p t. The detector has a sensitivity, defined in terms of the minimum detectable excess Rayleigh ratio of 5 x 10 cm which is difficult to translate into normal concentration units but appears to be equivalent to a minimum detectable concentration of about 10 g/ml. 

For the ACs the data are representative of the samples after heat-treatment at all three temperatures since during their fabrication these materials have already been treated at temperatures in excess of 850°C. However, for the alumina and clay samples the surface areas and pore volumes are shown after treatment at each temperature as these materials undergo various phase transitions that lead to sintering of the samples and shifts in their relative pore size distributions with heat-treatment. The particle size was determined from the corresponding MIP curve for the powder raw material. The Sbet in the case of microporous ACs should be considered as an apparent surface area due to the micropore filling mechanism associated with these materials [15]. The external area and micropore volumes were calculated from the slope and intercept of the t-plots of the corresponding isotherms. The total pore volume was taken as the amount of gas adsorbed at a relative pressure of 0.96 on the desorption isotherm, equivalent to a pore diameter of 50 nm. The mesopore volume was calculated from the difference in the total pore volume and the micropore volume. 

Biomass—Total weight, volume, or energy equivalent of all living organisms within a given area. 

Assessment of the total pore volume liberated shows that thermal treatment of the mesophase up to 120°C does not liberate any porosity. Heating up to 150°C liberates up to 25% of the total porosity whereas only around 50% of the total porosity is liberated when the mesophase was heated up to 300°C. The maximum pore volume is obtained after thermal treatment up to 760°C. When comparing these results with those obtained by SCTA, it would seem that pore blocking occurs. Indeed, after heating to 150°C, with around 25% of the porosity liberated, around 45% of the surfactant is removed. After heating to 300°C, with around 50% of the porosity liberated, up to 70% of the surfactant is removed. We have observed that it is only after treatment to 500°C, with the loss of almost 80% of the total surfactant, that an equivalent amount of pore volume becomes accessible. This pore blocking effect may also explain why the nitrogen desorption isotherms at 77K do not rejoin the adsorption branches at relative pressures below 0.2. 

Despite their marked difference in size (as confirmed by optical microscopy examination), no significant difference in the in vitro dissolution profiles corresponding to the three SDDP fractions could be found The bulk and the sieved fractions of SDDP yield similar specific surface area values as determined by adsorption of Krypton (BET method). This is further confirmed by MIP measurements for which the calculated specific surface areas and total intrusion volumes were found to be equivalent. As also shown by SEM, the corresponding MIP curves demonstrate the existence, whatever the sieved SDDP fraction studied, of open intraparticular pores with a mean access diameter (of about 0 6 tim) which is sufficiently large for water molecules to penetrate into them. Hence, one can understand the equivalence of dissolution rates obtained on the three granulometric fractions. 

To accoimt for steric effects in molecule-receptor interactions, the weighted information indices by volume have been proposed [Ray et al, 1985]. These molecular descriptors are calculated in the same way as the indices of neighbourhood symmetry defined above using the atomic van der Waals volumes to get the probabilities of the equivalence classes. In other words, the van der Waals voliunes of the atoms belonging to each equivalent class are summed to give a molecule subvolume, then divided by the total molecule volume. For example, the weighted information content by volume is defined as ... 

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