Tooth analysis

Exposure assessment is equal to the magnitude, duration, frequency, and route of exposure. Exposure assessments may be used to consider past, present, and future exposures. In many cases it is impossible to know what the exact past exposures were in those cases we may use current exposure as a surrogate, or conduct a purely qualitative exposure scenario. We can also use tissue chemical concentrations of people exposed. An example of this would be tooth analysis for radioisotopes for children living near nuclear power plants. 

The TMDSC with Fourier analysis of the melting pentacontane and the calculations using saw-tooth analysis methods are given in the publication Wunderlich B, Boiler A, Okazaki I, Ishikiriyama K, Chen W, Pyda W, Pak J, Moon, 1, Androsch R (1999) Temperature-modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Reversible and Irreversible First-order Transitions. Thermochim Acta 330 21-38. 

It is likely that differences in lead levels in different types of teeth found in whole-tooth analysis, are in part due to the relative proportions of enamel, primary and secondary dentine in different teeth, but this does not explain why there should be a difference in samples of circumpulpal dentine from incisors in different jaws. 

Sidebands around tooth meshing frequencies indicate modulation (e.g. eccentricity) at frequency corresponding to sideband spacings. Normally only detectable with very narrow-band analysis. 

Tykot, R.H., van der Merwe, N.J. and Hammond, N. 1996 Stable isotope analysis of bone collagen, bone apatite, and tooth enamel in the reconstruction of human diet. A case study from Cuello, Belize. In Orna, M.V., ed., Archaeological Chemistry Organic, Inorganic, and Biochemical Analysis. ACS Symposium Series 625, Washington, DC, American Chemical Society 355-365. 

Ambrose, S.H. 1990 Preparation and characterization of bone and tooth collagen for isotopic analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 17 431 51. 

Michel, V., Ildefonse, P. and Morin, G. 1995 Chemical and structural changes in Cervus elephus tooth enamels during fossilization (Lazaret Cave) a combined IR and XRD Rietveld analysis. Applied Geochemistry 10 145-159. 

This equation predicts a value of 26.8%ofor the zebra at Turkana assuming an average value of 6%o for Lake Turkana water. This predicted value is l%o less than the actual value of 27.8%o. Given the variation in methods of sample preparation and analysis, variation between bone and tooth enamel (Stuart-Williams and Schwarcz 1997), and uncertainty in surface water oxygen isotopic composition, these values are extraordinarily close. Alternatively, if the equation is solved for using the actual value of the Turkana zebra. 

Cerling, T. and Sharp, Z. 1996 Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of fossil tooth enamel... 

The supposed human remains were accompanied by flint implements and animal teeth, all of which apparently supported the early date attributed to the find. The flint implements were of a reddish color, matching that of local flints, but spectrographic analysis revealed that they had been artificially stained with chromium and iron salts below the layer of stain there was a white crust, whereas local flints were brown throughout. The animal teeth also seemed to have been "planted" at the burial site so as to suggest an early date the red-brown color of the teeth had also been artificially stained chromium and iron had been found when they were analyzed. A hippopotamus tooth, previously supposed to be contemporary with the tool carved from the elephant s tusk, was also stained with chromium and iron salts and contained little fluorine. 

An analysis of eight cross-sectional and/or prospective studies which reported tooth lead and PbB levels of the same children found considerable consistency among the studies (Rabinowitz 1995). The mean tooth lead levels ranged from under 3 to over 12 pg/g. In a study of 63 subjects, dentin lead was found to be predictive of concentrations of lead in the tibia, patella, and mean bone lead 13 years after tooth lead assessment in half of them (Kim et al. 1996b). The authors estimated that a 10 pg/g increase in dentin lead levels in childhood was predictive of a 1 pg/g increase in tibia lead levels, a 5 pg/g in patella lead levels and a 3 pg/g increase in mean bone lead among the young adults. 

Ambrose, S.H. (1990). Preparation and characterization of bone and tooth collagen for isotopic analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 17 431 451. Ambrose, S.H. (1993). Isotopic analysis of paleodiets methodological and interpretative considerations. In Investigations of Ancient Human Tissue Chemical Analysis in Anthropology, ed. Sandford, M.K., Gordon and Breach, Langhorne, pp. 59-130. 

Evans, J.A., Chenery, C.A. and Fitzpatrick, A.P. (2006). Bronze Age childhood migration of individuals near Stonhenge, revealed by strontium and oxygen isotope tooth enamel analysis. Archaeometry 48 309-321. 

Andrade, E., Pineda, J. C., Zavala, E. P., et al. (1998). IBA analysis of a possible therapeutic ancient tooth inlay. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 136-138 908-912. 

Jones, A. M., Iacumin, P., and Young, E. D. (1999). High-resolution delta 0-18 analysis of tooth enamel phosphate by isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry and ultraviolet laser fluorination. Chemical Geology 153 241-248. 

HPLC analysis of hydrolyzed sound (bottom) and carious (middle) dentin of a tooth from series 11, and an amino acid standard (top). 

C.M. Jones, G.O. Taylor, J.G. Whittle, D. Evans, D.P. Trotter, Water fluoridation, tooth decay in 5 year olds, and social deprivation measured by the Jarman score Analysis of data from British dental surveys. Br. Med. J. 315 (1997) 514-517. 

D.l. Paik, D.S. Ma, D.Y. Park, H.S. Moon, Y.l. Chang, J.B. Kim, Determination of fluorine by PIGE analysis on bovine tooth enamel treated with bamboo salt SMFP toothpaste and fluoride mouth rinsing solution, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 217 (1997) 221-223. 

Nitrous oxide, due to its analgesic action in subanaesthetic concentration, is employed for minor operation like tooth extraction, for obstetrical analysis, painful procedures such as changing dressing of bums. It is cheap and very commonly used. 

The [hkil] faces, which determine the dog-tooth (scalenohedral) Habitus of calcite crystals, and the prismatic [hkil] face of tourmaline crystals show striations only, never step patterns. These faces are S faces, by PBC analysis, and they appear due to a pile up of steps developing on the neighboring F faces. Yet they develop as large as those that determine the Habitus. 

Fig. 9.13. Quantitative analysis of the contrast from a white spot lesion in human tooth enamel (i) micrograph, 370 MHz (ii) V(z) curves of selected points along the line in the micrograph (iii) Rayleigh velocity and attenuation calculated from V(z) measured at each of the points on the line in (i) (Peck et al. 1989).

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