Authorization estimate

A.. Kaufman and R.. Ruebusch, Oleochemicals A. World Overview presented at World Conference on Oleochemicals—Into the 21st Century Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Henkel Corp., Emery Group, Oct. 1990 adjusted by author estimates for worldwide tall oil and castor acids. 

Figure 2.6). Several authors estimated the TNT mass equivalence based upon the damage incurred. Estimates vary from 15,000 and 45,000 kg. 

Usually, lg of propint is irradiated for 0.5 to 2 min depending on the flux level. Decay time is 45 sec. Counting time is 5 min for 28Al under the 1.78 MeV peak. Because of its higher initial activity, 27Mg (from Al activation) is counted 20—40 min after irradiation. The authors estimate an overall relative error of 5% for the... 

Indirect cost for patients in two AIDS clinics in Athens, Greece, based on the human capital approach were calculated by Papaevangelou et al. (1995). The authors estimated average annual indirect cost at US 11,774. Lifetime indirect cost per case was calculated at up to US 59,047. 

Another study found that trichloroethylene can be absorbed from the atmosphere by foods and concentrated over time, so that acceptable ambient air levels may still result in food levels which exceed acceptable limits (Grob et al. 1990). The authors estimated that in order to limit food concentrations of trichloroethylene to 50 pg/kg (the maximum tolerated limit for food halocarbons in Switzerland), the level in surrounding air should not exceed 38.5 pg/m (0.007 ppm). Since the accepted levels found near emission sources are often far above this limit, foods processed or sold near these sources may routinely exceed the tolerated trichloroethylene concentration, thus making the setting of air emission standards problematic. It is also noteworthy that the limits recommended by Grob et al. (1990) exceed acceptable ambient air concentrations for many regions of the United States (see Chapter 7). 

At2) the authors estimated values of 11.6 kcal.mole and —7 cal.deg mole , using thermodynamic parameters foundbySutcliffeand Weber for the equilibrium. Comparisons have been made of the activation parameters obtained for this exchange system with those obtained for similar systems . 

Based on C-H versus C-D zero point vibrational differences, the authors estimated maximum classical kinetic isotope effects of 17, 53, and 260 for h/ d at -30, -100, and -150°C, respectively. In contrast, ratios of 80,1400, and 13,000 were measured experimentally at those temperatures. Based on the temperature dependence of the atom transfers, the difference in activation energies for H- versus D-abstraction was found to be significantly greater than the theoretical difference of 1.3kcal/mol. These results clearly reflected the smaller tunneling probability of the heavier deuterium atom. 

Another evaluation of the pyroxenite hypothesis can be found in the evaluation of a suite of data from the Canaries islands (Thomas et al. 1999). These authors estimated the maximum mode of residual garnet for the 1730-1736 Lanzarote eruption modelling... 

Computational performance data on the Galerkin method were reported by Rachford and Dupont (Rl). Time increments of the order of 5 minutes are typical. According to these authors an average of 120 pipe steps per CPU second on a CDC 6600 computer was achieved. Approximately 100 words of storage per pipe were required for array storage and 12,000 words of storage for the program and subroutines. On that basis the authors estimated that a 1000-pipe network can be simulated on a full-size CDC 6600 computer at about 100 CPU seconds per simulated hour. 

An analysis of eight cross-sectional and/or prospective studies which reported tooth lead and PbB levels of the same children found considerable consistency among the studies (Rabinowitz 1995). The mean tooth lead levels ranged from under 3 to over 12 pg/g. In a study of 63 subjects, dentin lead was found to be predictive of concentrations of lead in the tibia, patella, and mean bone lead 13 years after tooth lead assessment in half of them (Kim et al. 1996b). The authors estimated that a 10 pg/g increase in dentin lead levels in childhood was predictive of a 1 pg/g increase in tibia lead levels, a 5 pg/g in patella lead levels and a 3 pg/g increase in mean bone lead among the young adults. 

Ketoconazole (a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4) has been shown to increase the oral bioavailability of cyclosporin from 22 to 56% [50]. This consisted of a 1.8-fold decrease in systemic clearance combined with a 4.9-fold decrease in oral clearance. The authors estimated that hepatic extraction was decreased only 1.15-fold, whereas the oral bioavailability increased 2.6-fold and the observation was attributed to decreased intestinal metabolism. Erythromycin was also shown to increase the oral bioavailability of cyclosporin A 1.7-fold, while pre-treatment with rifampin (an inducer of CYP3A4) decreased oral bioavailability of cyclosporin from 27% to 10% due to a 4.2-fold increase in oral clearance but only a 1.2-fold increase in systemic clearance. Floren et al. [51] have also shown that ketoconazole can double the oral bioavailability of tacrolimus in man by inhibiting gut wall CYP3A4. 

Normal spleen lymphocyte function Maximum nickel concentrations in tissues (in mg/kg FW) were reached in blood (19.8) and placentas (3.9) 2 h following injection those in liver (4.9), spleen (1.3), and kidneys (56.2) were reached 4 h after injection and maximum concentration in fetal tissues (1.1) was reached after 8 h. Authors estimate that all nickel is excreted in 42 to 84 h Immunosuppression in spleen lymphocyte function LD50 (48 h)... 

Average hexachloroethane concentrations in deposited residues from several smoke pots, using different bum configurations, ranged from 1,900 to 54,700 mg/kg (Schaeffer et al. 1988). The authors estimated that the soil load of hexachloroethane from a single upright canister (smoke pot) could reach 6,054 mg hexachloroethane per kg soil in a semicircular area with a 5 m radius downwind of the bum. 

Ml and M2 sites were then extracted by computer from the "two-line spectra. Their results are summarized in Table VIIIB. All of the iron presumably entered the M2 site for the 0.280 sample, so no values are given in Table VIIIB for this case since they would be the same as the last entry in Table VIIIA. These authors estimated that 85% of the iron is in M2 for the 0.532 sample, 63% in the M2 site for the 0.758 sample. Assigning the M2 site as the one preferred by Fe was based on... 

Research results on CH4 emissions comparing different farming systems are scarce. However, several authors estimated CH4 emissions in organic and conventional farming systems on the basis of their expert knowledge. The important factors to be considered for deduction on a per hectare scale are ... 

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