Tobacco filter

This exciting field of biodegradable poly(aspartic acids) has generated many new opportunities for anionic polymers. Some examples of an ever-expanding list include dispersants for oil production [133], tobacco filters [134], cosmetics [135], hydrophobic associating thickeners [136], adhesives [137], and CTOSslinked superabsorbents [138-140]. A recent review on polyaspartic acids up to 1997 includes a large body of information [141]. 

Particles are present in outdoor air and are also generated indoors from a large number of sources including tobacco smoking and other combustion processes. Particle size, generally expressed in microns (10-6 m) is important because it influences the location where particles deposit in the respiratory system (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1995), the efficiency of particle removal by air filters, and the rate of particle removal from indoor air by deposition on surfaces. 

Reduction in nitrite use Selective filtering (Tobacco smoke)... 

This method requires about 40 g of tobacco which are extracted with ethyl acetate in the presence of ascorbic acid. A trace amount of C-NDELA is added as an internal standard for quantitative analytical work. The filtered extract is concentrated and NDELA is enriched by column chromatography of the concentrate on silica gel. The residues of fractions with p-activity are pooled and redissolved in acetonitrile. Initially, we attempted to separate NDELA on a 3% OV-225 Chromosorb W HP column at 210 C using a GC-TEA system with direct interface similar to the technique developed by Edwards a. for the analysis of NDELA in urine (18). We found this method satisfactory for reference compounds however, it was not useful for an optimal separation of NDELA from the crude concentrate of the tobacco extract (Figure 4). Therefore, we silylated the crude concentrate with BSTFA and an aliquot was analyzed by GC-TEA with direct interface. The chromatographic conditions were 6 ft glass column filled with 3% OV-... 

The smoke analysis of cigarettes made from the same tobacco blend, but with and without filter tips revealed that cellulose acetate retains TSNA selectively (Table VIIl). This phenomenon is clearly established for a large number of filter cigarettes. 

Flumetralin was extracted from tobacco using Soxhlet extraction. A 5-g amount of Florisil (5% deactivated) was transferred directly on to the filter disk of a Soxhlet extractor followed by another 5 g of Florisil mixed with 5 g of ground tobacco sample as an upper layer. A 60-mL volume of hexane and 3mL of a 4 agmL internal standard solution were placed in a 250-mL round-bottom flask prior to attaching the Soxhlet extractor. The unit was placed on a heating mantle and the hexane was refluxed through the extractor at the rate of about 250 mLh for 4.5 h. After cooling, 0.5 pL of the extract was injected directly into a GC/FCD or GC/MS system. 

Data concerning concentrations of phenol in ambient air are insufficient to estimate the potential for exposure by inhalation. However, it is known that the smoke of 1 nonfilter cigarette contains 60-140 g phenol, while levels of phenol range from 19-35 g in the smoke of filter-tipped cigarettes, and from 24-107 g in the smoke of cigars (IARC 1986 NCI 1998). Indoor environments polluted with tobacco smoke contain measurable amounts of phenol (Guerin et al. 1982). 

Baggett MS, Morie GP. 1973. Quantitative determination of phenol and alkylphenols in cigarette smoke and their removal by various filters. Tobacco Sci 17 30-32. 

Kozlowski LT, Mehta NY, Sweeney CT, Schwartz SS, Vogler GP, Jarvis MJ, West RJ (1998) Filter ventilation and nicotine content of tobacco in cigarettes from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Tob Control 7(4) 369-375... 

The nicotine content in tobacco from cigarettes sold worldwide shows a wide variation (lARC 2004). Counts and coauthors reported on the nicotine content in the tobacco tiller of 48 Philip Morris USA and Phihp Morris International commercial filtered cigarettes from numerous international market regions (Counts et al. 2005). The majority contained blends of bright flue-cured (Virginia), hurley air-cured, and sun-cured oriental tobaccos, with inclusions of expanded tobaccos, processed tobacco, or processed stems. Four cigarettes contained primarily bright tobaccos. Nine brands contained carbon (also known as charcoal ) in their filter construction. 

The amount of nicotine and nomicotine in Indian bidi tobacco was higher than that in Indian filter-tipped cigarettes (35.2 and 3.4mg g , respectively, versus 14.2 and 1.56mg g respectively). Curiously, the mainstream smoke of Indian bidis delivered less nicotine than Indian cigarettes (1.87 mg per bidi versus 2.58 mg per cigarette) (Pakhale and Maru 1998). 

Tobacco industry scientists studied filtration technology and indicated that then-results showed that this too can have a major influence on smoke pH and free-base nicotine (Chen 1976). They presented results indicating that carbon in filters can increase the pH of the smoke (Creighton 1988). By increasing air dilution of... 

Pressure/volume/time relationships Pressure drop, lit unlit Ventilation, lit unlit Expanded tobacco level Cigarette paper permeabiiity Filter pressure drop... 

Specific product changes proposed include the use of ventilation, filtration, and tobacco rod density to alter draw resistance (Norman 1983 Thome 1994) the introduction of channeled or other unique filter designs to enhance sensory properties such as sensations in the mouth, referred to as mouthful feehng (Brown Williamson 1983 Greig 1987 McMurtrie and SUberstein 1980) and the use of higher nicotine tobaccos, flavor additives, and alkaline additives to increase a range of sensory attributes (Shepperd 1993 Whitehead 1994). 

Greig C (1987) A review of filters which generate smoke swirl, and their sensory properties. 23 Mar 1987. British American Tobacco. Bates 570365201-570365258. http //tobaccodocuments.org/ product design/954800.html... 

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