Tobacco cigarette branding

The nicotine content in tobacco from cigarettes sold worldwide shows a wide variation (lARC 2004). Counts and coauthors reported on the nicotine content in the tobacco tiller of 48 Philip Morris USA and Phihp Morris International commercial filtered cigarettes from numerous international market regions (Counts et al. 2005). The majority contained blends of bright flue-cured (Virginia), hurley air-cured, and sun-cured oriental tobaccos, with inclusions of expanded tobaccos, processed tobacco, or processed stems. Four cigarettes contained primarily bright tobaccos. Nine brands contained carbon (also known as charcoal ) in their filter construction. 

The laboratory of the Government Chemist in London undertakes the analysis of tobacco smokes in order to produce league tables (Fig. 20) of the tar and nicotine content of all cigarette brands available in the UK, on behalf of the British government. In this context tar is defined as the total particulate matter present in the main-stream smoke (inhaled smoke), adjusted for its content of water and nicotine alkaloids. Nicotine is defined as the total nicotine-type alkaloids present in the mainstream smoke both are expressed in mg per cigarette. The tar and nicotine league tables are published every six months, and include details of approximately 130 brands of cigarette. 

Because of the importance of the tar and nicotine content of cigarettes, until the mid-1980s the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) published statistics on the tar and nicotine yield of cigarette brands manufactured in the United States. The FTC used to conduct its own yield tests by using smoking machines and today reports the results of the same kind of tests conducted by tobacco companies, which the FTC requires them to do (Cotton, 1993). 

The more than a dozen cigarette brands tipped with carbon-containing filter tips were already losing market share by the time Dalhamn et al. reported the results of their study of the mouth absorption of water-soluble vapor-phase components (892). Their scientific communication, plus the consumer unacceptable carbon-filter off-taste, produced not only a further reduction of sales but also diminished interest, both within and outside of the tobacco industry, in vapor-phase ciliastats as participants in respiratory problems attributed to cigarette MSS. 

Since the late 1980s, there has been a proliferation of new potential reduced-exposure products (PREPs), promoted by the industry with the claims of reduced harm, in all the four categories that were summarized earlier (Stratton et al. 2001 Hatsukami et al. 2002, 2005). These include (a) modified tobacco products, such as several denicotinized brands and reduced TSNA emission cigarettes (b) chewing gum impregnated with tobacco (c) smokeless tobacco products with claimed reduced nitrosamine levels and (d) cigarette-like products (carbon-heated smoking devices). 

Henningfield JE, Benowitz NL, Slade J, Houston TP, Davis RM, Deitchman SD (1998) Reducing the addictiveness of cigarettes. Tob Control 7 281-293 Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Radzius A, Frost S (1999) Nicotine concentrations, smoke pH and whole tobacco aqueous pH of some cigar brands and types popular in the United States. Nicotine Tob... 

Wayne GF, Connolly GN, Henningfield JE (2006) Brand differences of free-base nicotine delivery in cigarette smoke the view of the tobacco industry document. Tobacco Control 15 189-198 Wilbert J (1987) Tobacco and shamanism in South America. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, p 294... 

Dunn WL, Jones BW, Schori TR (1973) Project 1600 - smoker psychology smoking and low delivery cigarettes - II (Tnt-3). Oct 1973. Philip Morris. Bates 1000048633-1000048654. http // tobaccodocuments.org/pm/1000048633-8654.html Dunn WL, Houck W, Jones BW, Meyer LF (1976) 1600 - Smoker psychology low delivery cigarettes and increased nicotine/tar ratios, III (Pol - 1606). Philip Morris. Bates 2024545758-2024545773. http //tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024545758-5773.html Esterle JG, Honeycutt RH, Nall JF (1979) Tar/nicotine ratios and nicotine transfer efficiencies of B W and competition brands. 20 Sep 1979. Brown WilUamson. Bates 505003431-505003438. http //tobaccodocuments.org w/94764.html Farnham F (1995) List of additives in the manufacture of tobacco products and their substitutes. Sept 1995. PhiUp Morris. Bates 2050755566-2050755578. http //tobaccodocuments.org/ product design/2050755566-5578.html... 

R.J. Reynolds (1985) Now-type cigarettes with increased nicotine. 09 Oct 1985. Bates 509108038-509108040. http //tobaccodocuments.org/ijr/509108038-8040.html R.J. Reynolds (1986) Support brand R D. RJ Reynolds. 12 Dec 1986. Bates 515395107-515395119. http //tobaccodocuments.org/product.design/515395107-5119.html R.J. Reynolds (1987a) Taste and olfaction. Bates 509859364-509859400. http //tobacco-documents.org/ijr/509859364-9400.html... 

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