Animal welfare issues

Sundrum A (1999), EEC-Regulation on organic livestock production and their contribution to the animal welfare issue , KTBL-Schrift, 270, 93-97. 

Animal welfare issues generally seem to be of low priority. This is refleeted by the fact that in 1990, animal husbandry was only the subject of 6% of all organic research projects performed in the German-speaking countries (Boehncke and Krutzinna 1996). Generally, only a few comprehensive scientific findings on animal welfare and health exist that are transferable to the... 

Recent Australian and Canadian studies (7-10) on residues at injection sites indicate that injection site residues of certain drugs are at levels high enough to cause public health and trade concerns. Major concerns raised by these studies are that in a significant number of cattle severe tissue reactions occur at the injection site, which adversely affect the quality of the carcass and also create an animal welfare issue. These tissue reactions lead to residues at the injection sites that persist beyond the withdrawal period whereas, in some cases, they can cause such an extremely variable residues depletion so that withdrawal periods cannot be readily established. Lesions at the injection sites are not always obvious on visual inspection and cannot be identified and discarded during trimming and processing of the carcass. Moreover, the presence or absence of violative residues in samples of kidney, liver, and muscle cannot be used as a reliable indicator of the fate of residues at an injection site. 

Ethics also includes welfare quality what is good quality of life for an animal Therefore, when evaluating animal welfare issues in organic farming systems, we need to understand if particular organic values can be used to help guide decisions regarding appropriate quantity and quality of animal welfare. 

Another method for producing hybridomas is as ascites tumors in mice. In this method, hybridomas are injected into animals. The antibody is contained in the rich ascites fluid that develops. Large doses of cells are required to initiate the tumor and it is important that the hybridoma and mouse are compatible. The productions of ascites tumors are facilitated by pretreatment of the mouse with, and intraperito-neal injection of, pristane. The ascites fluid is drained once sufficient swelling has been produced at the tumor site. The main concerns with this method are animal welfare issues, but the main advantage is that large amounts of antibody can be prepared. 

Pig production today faces the difficult task of effectively meeting emerging consumer concerns while remaining competitive in its major target markets. Providing a high sensorial quality of pork and meeting consumer concerns about product safety and animal welfare are identified as key attention points for future livestock production. The relevance of these issues pertains to... 

Animal welfare is an issue that is, at the moment, subject to these kinds of differentiation regarding standards and assurance schemes (Roux and Miele, 2005). A number of initiatives have been taken both within and in parallel to organic production systems, all with the aim of improving farm animal welfare, but with rather diverse standards and expectations. 

For an assessment of environmental indicators, the biological or health-related aspects of animal welfare will be taken into consideration. Most indicators of animal welfare reflect relatively specific problems, measuring different components of welfare rather than welfare per se. Some of the parameters that may serve to describe the indicator animal welfare are immune problems, occurrence of disease, reduced productivity, mortality, physiological stress and behavioural deprivation. These parameters are influenced by animal husbandry issues such as housing conditions, breeding goals, and health measures, i.e. veterinary medicine. These factors are the subject of the following sections. 

Things are a bit different as far as those indicators are concerned which show an equal influence on environmental issues. Little information about the impacts of organic farming on climate and air, animal welfare and health and food quality is available. The reasons for this might be that ... 

Is animal welfare an issue according to organic values ... 

Several issues must be considered when trying to answer the question of whether there is a general animal welfare problem in organic production systems. The first one is the issue of... 

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