Tissue engineering bioactive composites

Boccaccini, A.R. and Maquet, V. (2003) Bioresorbable and bioactive polymer/ Bioglass composites with tailored pore structure for tissue engineering applications. Composites Science and Technology, 63(15), 2417-29. 

Silva et al. (2006) studied starch-based microparticles as a novel strategy for tissue engineering applications. They developed starch-based microparticles, and evaluated them for bioactivity, cytotoxicity, ability to serve as substrates for cell adhesion, as well as their potential to be used as delivery systems either for anti-inflammatory agents or growth factors. Two starch-based materials were used for the development of starch-based particulate systems (1) a blend of starch and polylactic acid (SPLA) (50 50 w/w) and (2) a chemically modifled potato starch, Paselli II (Pa). Both materials enabled the synthesis of particulate systems, both polymer and composite (with BG 45S5). A simple solvent extraction method was employed for the synthesis of SPLA and SPLA/BG microparticles, while for Pa and Pa/BG... 

Rezwan K, Chen QZ, Blaker JJ, Boccaccini AR (2006) Biodegradable and bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 27(18) 3413—3431... 

Whitaker MJ, Quirk RA, Howdle SM, Shakesheff KM. Growth factor release from tissue engineering scaffolds. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001 53 1427-1437. Howdle SM, Watson MS, Whitaker MJ, Popov VK, Davies MC, Mandel FS, Wang JD, Shakesheff KM. Supercritical fiuid mixing preparation of thermally sensitive polymer composites containing bioactive materials. Chem Commun 2001 109-110. 

Roether, J.A., Boccaccini, A.R., Hench, L.L., Maquet, V., Gautier, S., and Jerome, R. (2002) Development and in vitro characterisation of novel bioresorbable and bioactive composite materials based on polylactide foams and bioglass for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials, 18, 3871-3878. 

Development of nano-structured alumina and zirconia ceramics and composites as well as nano-structured calcium phosphate ceramics and porous bioactive glasses, possibly as composites with organic constituents, will provide desired properties for bone substitution and tissue engineering for the next 20 years (Chevalier and Gremillard, 2009). 

Kong L, Gao Y, Lu G et al (2006) A study on the bioactivity of chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Eur Polym J 42 3171-3179... 

Peter, M., Binulal, N. S., Nair, S. V., Selvamurugan, N., Tamura, H., Jayakumar, R. (2010). Novel biodegradable chitosan-gelatin/nano-bioactive glass ceramic composite scaffolds for alveolar bone tissue engineering, Chem./-no. 1.1.58. 353-361. 

M.R. Williamson, R. Black, C. Kielty, PCL-PU composite vascular scaffold production for vascular tissue engineering attachment, proliferation and bioactivity of human vascular endothelial cells. Biomaterials 27 (19) (2006) 3608-3616. 

The approach of making porous composites of P(3HB-co-3HV) with sol-gel bioactive glass (SGBG) and calcium phosphate-loaded collagen (CaP-Gelfix) foams have been tried for bone-tissue engineering. It was found to be useful since it showed formation of a HA layer on the surface of P(3HB-co-3HV)/SGBG... 

The surface of any material governs its interactions with the environment. Knowledge over and control of these interaction is especially important when a material is in contact with the biosystem, for example, when applied as transplant, in tissue engineering, in cell cultures, and in blood contact, as weU as in biosensors in medicinal diagnosis, fluids analysis, environmental moititoring, and many other areas. Whereas, on the one hand, the bulk properties of the material are essential for its successful application, for example, as a catheter or a heart valve, special attention has to be paid to render to the surface suitable biocompatible or bioactive properties, no matter of the chemical composition of the bulk material. This is usually achieved by any surface modification process by low molar mass or polymeric compounds. An essential feature of such a modification procedure is the need for a permanent and bioresistant surface finish [87]. 

Synthetic Biomedical Composites and Their Bioactivity 443 Table 22.2 Bioactive fillers used in tissue engineering applications. 

Composites of chitosan and P-TCP with improved compressive modulus and strength have been prepared by a soUd-Uquid phase separation of the polymer solution and evaporation of the solvent [8]. The composites exhibited bioactivity when immersed in SBF. Variation of polymer/filler ratio and development of different macroporous structures resulted in products with potential applications in tissue engineering. 

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