Medicine Diagnosis

Medicine is not a science. Nevertheless, the delivery of Western medicine depends totally on science and the scientific method. 

I learned very early the difference between knowing the name of something and knowing something. 

Perhaps no component of medical care is more important to subsequent care than estabUshing a diagnosis. From this first step decisions emerge about treatment, prognosis, and the use of health resources. 

Frank Vinicor, M.D., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  

The modern physician engages in countless activities that have little or nothing to do with scientific or clinical medicine He advertises diseases or drugs, gives advice on the radio and television or expert testimony in court, acts as an advocate for children, the poor, certain classes of patients, and so forth. Despite the economic, legal, or political context of these acts, the rhetoric of diagnosis plays a paramount role in all of them. 

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Clinical guide to bioweapons and chemical agents 1. Communicable diseases - diagnosis 2. Poisons 3. Symptoms 4. Emergency medicine - Diagnosis 5. Bioterrorism - Health aspects 6. Chemical terrorism - Health aspects I. Title... 

Medicine, diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, detect, limit 1 nM... 

The surface of any material governs its interactions with the environment. Knowledge over and control of these interaction is especially important when a material is in contact with the biosystem, for example, when applied as transplant, in tissue engineering, in cell cultures, and in blood contact, as weU as in biosensors in medicinal diagnosis, fluids analysis, environmental moititoring, and many other areas. Whereas, on the one hand, the bulk properties of the material are essential for its successful application, for example, as a catheter or a heart valve, special attention has to be paid to render to the surface suitable biocompatible or bioactive properties, no matter of the chemical composition of the bulk material. This is usually achieved by any surface modification process by low molar mass or polymeric compounds. An essential feature of such a modification procedure is the need for a permanent and bioresistant surface finish [87]. 

In 1938, the experimental and theoretical cognition of nuclear fission by O. Hahn and F. Strassmann, and the theoretical explanation by L. Meitner and O. R. Frisch (1944 Nobel Prize to O. Hahn for. .. discovery of the fission of heavy elements...) made our last century the Uranium century. Radiopharmaceutical chemistry, interestingly, has made a significant and exclusively peaceful profit from this nuclear phenomenon, as the fission of uranium today provides an unrenouncable resource of radionuclides applied in nuclear medicine diagnosis and therapy. The uranium fission product l, for example, became a key radionucKde in the 1950s, when R. S. Yalow and S. A. Berson developed the approach of radioimmunoassay for quantitative in vitro analysis of physiological and biochemical processes (1977 Nobel prize to R. S. Yalow for. .. the development of radioimmunoassays...). 

Hansen L, Marzilli LG, Eshima D, Malveaux EJ, Folks R, Taylor A (1994) J Nud Med 35 1198 Harbert JC, Andrich MP, Peller PJ (1996) In Harbert JC, Eckelman WC, Neumann RD (eds) Nuclear medicine diagnosis and therapy. Thieme Medical Publishers, New York, p 713... 

One needs little imagination to foretell that the flagships of science will be informatics and biology in the twenty-first century. Nevertheless, there are many signs making us firmly believe that nuclear science will remain important in the future as well, in spite of the antinuclear sentiments caused by the unfortunate Chernobyl accident in 1986. Radiopharmaceutical chemistry is stimulating biomedical research and nuclear medicine (diagnosis and therapy). The development of particle physics keeps its dynamism as demonstrated by the Nobel Prizes awarded in this century (2002,2004, and 2008.)... 

Radioisotopes have become very important ia the practice of modem medicine, for both diagnosis and treatment. Some diagnoses are done by injecting a radionucHde ia a biochemical form such that it goes to a particular organ, and the measured radiation then allows the functional level of that organ to be determined. A common treatment is to expose a portion of the body, for example a tumor, to radiation from a radioisotope with the source either internal or external to the body. Another usage iavolves radioactively labeled antibodies (see Immunoassay). 

Anodier problem can arise from the use of nonprescription cough medicine for self-treatment of a chronic cough. Indiscriminate use of antitussives by die general public may prevent early diagnosis and treatment of serious disorders, such as lung cancer and emphysema... 

Adverse reaction means a response to a medicinal product which is noxious and unintended and which occurs at doses normaily used in man for the prophyiaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or for the restoration, correction or modification of physioiogical function. 

Quality assurance of radiopharmaceutical preparation and use is obviously a very important topic because of its direct impact on patient diagnosis, treatment and health (see, e.g. Abreu 1996). Reference materials play only a small - but nevertheless important -role in this process, mainly in the area of calibration of radioactivity-measuring instruments. The materials of interest are all pure chemical containing calibrated activities of selected radionuclides used commonly in nuclear medicine (e.g. Co, Ga, I,... 

Houpikian P, Raoult D. Blood culture-negative endocarditis in a reference center Etiologic diagnosis of 348 cases. Medicine 2005 84 162-173. 

This volume covers topics including cultural perspectives in psychiatric diagnosis and psychopharmacotherapy, differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropics, pharmacogenetics of ethnic populations, ethnic variations in psychotropic responses, complementary medicines in mental disorders, attitudes towards psychotropic medications, prescribing practices in Asia-Pacific countries, pharmaco-economic implications, integrating theory and practice, and... 

Kohler PF Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA To determine lead poisoning process to evaluate the use of the oral chelator of lead, Succimer, in the diagnosis and treatment of lead poisoning in adults National Center for Research Resources ... 

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