Polyuridylic acid

Polynucleotides. Polynucleotides are potent interferon inducers. A mismatched, double-stranded synthetic polyribonucleotide ampligen and the double-stranded acids, polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acids have been widely studied for cancer therapy(ii). Although these materials elicit excellent activity with murine rodents, therapeutic effects are dramatically decreased within primates. 

The reaction of adenosine 5 -phosphoric imidazolide with adenosine analogues on a polyuridylic acid template is discussed in reference [158]. Another polymerization of oligoadenylates (pA)4 and (pA)6 on a polyuridylic acid template in an aqueous system... 

In either case, polyuridylic acid or polythymidylic acid, the rate of dimer formation will not be that calculated for an assemblage of independent sites, as in a solution of mononucleotide or dinucleotide, given by eq. (11). The sites are not independent but are in a connected sequence along a one-dimensional chain, and the rate of dimer formation will begin to deviate from the rate law of eq. (11) as soon as the location of unreacted sites becomes an important factor, certainly when... 

Polyuridylic acid is a polynucleotide which can be used as a synthetic template RNA in a polypeptide synthesizing system (see Glossary for a discussion of these systems). It directs the incorporation of phenylalanine, and the product with poly U as template is polyphenylalanine. It has been observed that prior irradiation of the poly U template reduces its activity as a template.79,80 The amount of phenylalanine incorporation decreases with increasing dose of ultraviolet light, and some serine begins to become incorporated in the polypeptide chain. 

Thus it is important to consider not just thymine dimer but pyrimidine dimers in general as a photochemical lesion,10 and it is obvious that the careful study of the photochemical products is just beginning. Work of the depth and detail which has been carried out on the dinucleotides, UpU72 and CpC,74 and which is beginning to be done on polyuridylic acid, has not yet really been attempted on DNA or... 

A. S. (1976). Factor-free (non-enzymic) and factor-dependent systems of translation of polyuridylic acid by E. coli ribosomes. J. Mol Biol, 101, 537-52. 

Huang, W. M. and. Tso, P O. P. (1966). Physicochemical basis of recognition process in nucleic acid interactions. I. Interactions of polyuridylic acid and nucleosides. J. Mol. Biol, 16, 523. 

Polydeoxyinosinic-deoxycytidylic acid sodium salt Polydeoxyadenylic-thymidylic acid sodium salt Polydeoxyguanylic-deoxycytidylic acid sodium salt Polydeoxyguanylic-polydeoxycytidylic acid sodium salt Polycytidylic-polyguanylic acid sodium salt Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid sodium salt 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine Further oxidation products of 8-oxo-G... 

When polyuridylic acid is photolyzed with radiation in the 250 p region, two types of photochemical reactions take place. One is the reversible formation of dimers between adjacent uracils and the other is a photohydration of the 5-6 double bond of the uracil. The position of the photochemical equilibrium of the first reaction is known to depend upon the wavelength of the radiation used and that of the latter is determined by... 

A consideration of the schematic view of a polyuridylic acid molecule shown below indicates that the formation of dimers in a random and... 

An attempt has been made to apply the Cohen and Reiss theory to dimer and hydrate formation in RNA. The results were inconclusive, probably because of a poor choice of example. Application of the theory to RNA was complicated by the necessity of estimating the distribution of uracil residues on the chain. The results are made still more tentative by the fact that Tanaka ignored the probability of dimer formation between cytosine residues, mixed dimers between cytosine and uracil, and hydrate formation in cytosine as well as the resultant deamination phenomena. A better choice of example would have been polyuridylic acid. 

Table 5.23. 1 3C Chemical Shifts (Sc in ppm) and 13P-13C Coupling Constants (in Hz, in Parentheses) of Polyuridylic Acid and Related Monomers [770] Solvent D20, pD 7.8 0.6, Temperature 37 °C (d) = doublet(s), q = quartet).

C Atom Uridine Uridine-5 - phosphate Uridine-3 - phosphate Uridinc-2 - phosphate Polyuridylic acid... 

Nirenberg and Matthaei reported that polyuridylic acid codes for polyphenylalanine. 

Lysine-rich proteinoids preferentially interact to form microparticles with polycytidylic acid and polyuridylic acid. On the other hand arginine-rich proteinoids interacts much more readily with polyguanylic acid and polyinosinic acid to form such particles under the same condition57>. Lysine-rich proteinoids had most often shown a preferential precipitation with polyuridylic acid in the experiments for interaction between polynucleotides and the proteinoids in the presence of Mg2+ 56). 

Poly U Sepharose Polyuridylic acid mRNA, reverse transcriptase, interferons Pharmacia... 

Not all large molecules are spherical they can also be long random coils with a certain degree of flexibility along the chain. If the chain is flexible, there are rapid local fluctuations between monomers and the dipole-dipole interactions are effectively averaged. An example of this is polyuridylic acid (poly U), which has a molecular weight of 100,000 daltons but is nonetheless very flexible. The line widths for poly U as a random coil are only a few hertz. If the chain is incorporated into a rigid double or triple helix, these local motions are lost and the resonances are broadened beyond detection (see Section 14.7.2). 

Zimmerman SB (1976) The polyuridylic acid complex with polyamines An X-ray fiber observation. J Mol Biol 101 563 — 569... 

Young PR, Kallenbach NR (1978) Secondary structure in polyuridylic acid. Non-classical hydrogen bonding and the function of the ribose 2 -hydroxyl group. J Mol Biol 126 467-479... 

Nirenberg and Matthaei Reported that polyuridylic acid codes for phenylalanine and this opened the way to identification of genetic code. 

Sulston, J., et al. (1968). Nonenzymatic synthesis of oligoadenylates on a polyuridylic acid template. Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences, USA, 59, 726-33. 

Evidence also indicates that 16-membered-ring macrolides, as peptidyltransferase inhibitors, hinder the polyuridylic acid-dependent polymerization of phenylalanine, despite the fact that 14-membered-ring macrolides are not able to inhibit polyphenylalanine synthesis. In particular, 16-membered-ring macrolides containing at least one disaccharide-monoglycoside in their structures, such as leucomycin, spiramycin, carbomycin, and tylosin, may cause degradation of polyribosome [93,94]. 

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