137-26-8 Thiram

IUPAC name Tetramethylthiuram disulfide Molecular formula CgHi2N2S4 Toxicity class USEPA III WHO III 

Uses Thiram is a dimethyl dithiocarbamate compound and appears as a white to yellow crystalline powder with a characteristic odor. Thiram is used to prevent crop damage in the field and to protect harvested crops from deterioration in storage or transport. Thiram also is used as a seed protectant and to protect fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, and turf crops from a variety of fungal diseases. In addition, it is used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents, and deer. Thiram is available as dust, flowable, wettable powder, water-dispersible granules, water suspension formulations, and in mixtures with other fungicides. Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sunscreen, and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap.17,50,52 

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Evaluations have been conducted using deer, a multiple-choice preference-testing apparatus, and tetramethylthiuram disulfide [137-26-8] (TMTD) (29) or the fungicide thiram as a standard repeUent for competitive tests with repeUent-treated food (78). 

Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcusfaecalis and Staphylococcus aureus show a markedly greater susceptibihty to its action than Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (205). Thiram has been used ia disiafectant soaps. 

Tetramethyl succinonitrile Tetramethyl thiourea Tetramethyl thiuram disulphide (thiram) Tetranitromethane... 

Bartonicek V, Teisinger J. 1962. Effect of tetraethyl thiram disulphide (disulfiram) on metabolism of trichloroethylene in man. Br JIndMed 19 216-221. 

Suppression of mitotic activity Trichlorfon, carbaiyl, thiram, nitro-aldicarb... 

The carcinogenic activity of chemical substances is important as well. They are present in pesticides of different classes OCPs (DDT, aldrine, heptachlor, methoxychlor), thiocarbamates (thiram, zineb, ziram), carbamides (monuron) [3], etc. Even if the official description of a given pesticide does not denote its carcinogenic (mutagenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic, etc.) activity, this merely means that this particular pesticide was not studied sufficiently. 

T etrafluoromethane Tetrahydrofuran Tetramethyllead (as Pb) Tetramethylsuccinonitrile T etranitromethane Thionyl chloride Thiram Toluene... 

Lemke et al. [21] reported that adsorption of zearalenone by organophilic mont-morillonite clay gave an S-shaped curve with at least two plateaus, suggesting additional mechanisms of adsorption. On the other hand, Grant and Philip [135] and Valverde-Garcia et al. [16] reported that binding of aflatoxins on phyllosili-cate clay and pesticides (such as thiram and dimethoate) on soils explained an L-shape isotherm. 

The results given in Tables 2 and 3 support the decisive role of LFSE in the site preference and most likely the mobility of 3d metal ions in a ccp lattice. For Mn. Ni. and Co the results in Table 2 are consistent with the experimental work of Choi. Man-thiram et al. who found increasing resistance of /-LL-MO2 against transformation into spinel as M is... 

Biological. Odeyemi and Alexander (1977) isolated three strains of Rhizobium sp. that degraded thiram. One of these strains, Rhizobium meliloti, metabolized thiram to dimethylamine (DMA) and carbon disulfide, which formed spontaneously from dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDT). The conversion of DMDT to DMA and carbon disulfide occurred via enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. 

When thiram (100 ppm) was inoculated with activated sludge (30 ppm) at 25 °C and pH 7.0 for 2 wk, 30% degraded. Metabolites included methionine, elemental sulfur, formaldehyde, dimethyldithiocarbamate-a-aminobutyric acid, and the corresponding keto acid (Kawasaki, 1980). 

Soil In both soils and water, chemical and biological mediated reactions can transform thiram to compounds containing the mercaptan group (Alexander, 1981). Decomposes in soils to carbon disulfide and dimethylamine (Sisler and Cox, 1954 Kaars Sijpesteijn et al., 1977). When a spodosol (pH 3.8) pretreated with thiram was incubated for 24 d at 30 °C and relative humidity of 60 to 90%, dimethylamine formed as the major product. Minor degradative products included nitrite ions (nitration reduction) and dimethylnitrosamine (Ayanaba et al., 1973). 

Plant. Major plant metabolites are ethylene thiourea, thiram monosulfide, ethylene thiram disulfide, and sulfur (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). 

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