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Thiram toxicity

Lee CC et al Oral toxicity of ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate (ferbam) and tetramethyl-thiram disulfide (thiram) in rodents. 7 Toxicol Environ Health 4 93-106, 1978... [Pg.677]

Mishra VK, Srivastava MK, Raizada RB Testicular toxicity of thiram in rat Morphological and biochemical evaluations. Ind Health 31 59-67, 1993... [Pg.677]

SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed human carcinogen. Poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by skin contact. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O, Cd, and Cr. See also CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, POTASSIUM CHROMATE, and THIRAM. [Pg.814]

The fungicidal properties of dithiocarbamates, like thiram, are probably associated with their ability to chelate with essential trace metals such as copper and zinc. Additionally, the 1 1 metal chelates are themselves fungicidal with the ability to penetrate lipid barriers in the fungal cell, and are probably the ultimate toxicants in these fungicides.3 Alkyl esters of dithiocarbamic acids are readily prepared by treatment of sodium dithiocarbamate (4) with the appropriate alkyl halide (Scheme 20). [Pg.157]

Thiram and other dithiocarbamates are metabolic poisons. The acute effects of thiram are very similar to that of carbon disulfide, supporting the notion that the common metabolite of this compound is responsible for its toxic effects. The exact mechanism of toxicity is still unclear, however it has been postulated that the intracellular action of thiram involves metabolites of carbon disulfide, causing microsome injury and cytochrome P450 disruption, leading to increased heme-oxygenase activity. The intracellular mechanism of toxicity of thiram may include inhibition of monoamine oxidase, altered vitamin Bg and tryptophan metabolism, and cellular deprivation of zinc and copper. It induces accumulation of acetaldehyde in the bloodstream following ethanol or paraldehyde treatment. Thiram inhibits the in vitro conversion of dopamine to noradrenalin in cardiac and adrenal medulla cell preparations. It depresses some hepatic microsomal demethylation reactions, microsomal cytochrome P450 content and the synthesis of phospholipids. Thiram has also been shown to have moderate inhibitory action on decarboxylases and, in fish, on muscle acetylcholinesterases. [Pg.2571]

The acute toxicity of thiram is rather low both in humans and experimental animals. Thus acute poisoning is highly unlikely unless large amounts are ingested. Thiram is an irritant of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin and can elicit signs of neurotoxicity with acute high exposures. [Pg.2571]

In general, thiram is not very toxic unless high levels of exposure occur. The oral LD50 in rats is 560 mg kg and the lowest lethal dermal dose in rabbits is 1 gkg . In contact with the skin and eyes of exposed rabbits, thiram caused irritation. In rabbits and guinea pigs, this substance has been shown to cause skin sensitization. Rats, cats, and rabbits survived a 4 h exposure to thiram dust at concentrations that ranged from 500 to 6225 mg m . Animals killed by single oral doses of thiram showed patchy demyelination in the central nervous system, initially in the cerebellum and medulla. Thiram (300 mg kg elicited convulsions and calcification... [Pg.2571]

Chronic exposure to thiram produces toxicity to several different organ systems in addition to those affected following acute exposure. [Pg.2572]

Thiram was found to have adverse effects on reproduction and to be embryotoxic in mice, rats, and hamsters at high doses that are toxic to adults. In a three-generation dietary study in rats administered 100 mg kg day no adverse effects on... [Pg.2572]

In humans, thiram is an eye, nose, and throat irritant, a central nervous system toxicant, and a skin sensitizer. Volunteers given daily thiram doses of 0.5 g day for several weeks showed no adverse... [Pg.2572]

Thiram is generally of low toxicity to most wildlife. It is moderately toxic to birds. The reported dietary LC50 of thiram in Japanese quail is greater than 5000 ppm. [Pg.2573]

Thiram is highly toxic to fish. The LC50 for the compound is 0.23mgl in bluegill sunfish and 0.13mgl in trout. Thiram does not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. [Pg.2573]

El-Hawari AM. 1978. Potentiation of dibromoethane (EDB) toxicity by disulfiram, thiram, diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide [Abstract], Pharmacologist 20 213. [Pg.185]

Perocco P, Santucci MA, Campani AG, et al. 1989. Toxic and DNA-damaging activities of the fungicides mancozeb and thiram (TMTD) on human lymphocytes in vitro. Teratogen Carcinogen Mutagen 9 75-81. [Pg.477]

CHIPCO THIRAM 75 (137-26-8) Combustible solid (flash point 192°F/89°C). Strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions contact with strong acid or oxidizable materials produces toxic gases. [Pg.275]


See other pages where Thiram toxicity is mentioned: [Pg.2571]    [Pg.2571]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.676]    [Pg.452]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.176]    [Pg.813]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.193]    [Pg.396]    [Pg.239]    [Pg.2572]    [Pg.3005]    [Pg.418]    [Pg.739]    [Pg.999]    [Pg.1006]    [Pg.1007]    [Pg.1007]    [Pg.117]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.434]    [Pg.656]    [Pg.577]    [Pg.792]    [Pg.396]    [Pg.375]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.176 ]




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