The Materials Research Laboratories

As we have seen, the concept of MSB emerged early in the 1950s and by 1960, it had become firmly established, as the result of a number of decisions in academe and in industry. In that year, as the result of a sustained period of intense discussion and political lobbying in Washington, another major decision was taken, this time by agencies of the US Government. The Interdisciplinary Laboratories were born. 

Some 20 years after the pressure for the creation of the new interdisciplinary laboratories was first felt, one of the academics who became involved very early on. Prof. Rustum Roy of Pennsylvania State University, wrote eloquently about the underlying ideal of interdisciplinarity (Roy 1977). He also emphasised the supportive role played by some influential industrial scientists in that creation, notably Dr. Guy Suits of GE, whom we have already encountered, and Dr. William Baker of Bell Laboratories who was a major force in pushing for interdisciplinary materials research in industry and academe alike. A magisterial survey by Baker (1967), under the title Solid State Science and Materials Development, indicates the breadth and scope of his scientific interests. 

Administratively, the genesis of these Laboratories, which initially were called Interdisciplinary Research Laboratories and later. Materials Research Laboratories, involved many complications, most of them in Washington, not least when in 1972 responsibility for them was successfully transferred to the National Science Foundation (NSF). As Sproull cynically remarks To those unfamiliar with the workings of federal government (and especially Capitol Hill), transfer of a program sounds simple, but it is simple only if the purpose of transfer is to kill the program . 

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The role of the Bell Labs metallurgists in the creation of the early transistors was clearly set out in a historical overview by the then director of the Materials Research Laboratory at Bell Labs, Scaflf (1970). 

A number of American research institutions and the people who shaped them have already featured in this book the creation of the Materials Research Laboratories Robert Mehl s influence on the Naval Research Laboratory and on Carnegie Institute of Technology Hollomon s influence on the GE laboratory Seitz s influence on the University of Illinois (and numerous other places) Carothers and Flory at the Dupont laboratory the triumvirate who invented the transistor and the atmosphere at Bell Laboratories that made this feat possible Stookey, glass-ceramics and the Corning Glass laboratory. I would like now to round off this list with an account of a most impressive laboratory that came to grief, and the man who shaped it. 

Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, and to the Materials Research Laboratory, University of Massachusetts (Amherst), for grants in support of this research. The National Science Foundation, through the Expedited Award for Novel Research at Stevens Institute, has enabled K.E.G. to develop the processing of such transition metal containing organometallic polymers. ... 

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant NSF DMR-86-12860 (administered by the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Illinois) and by Dow Chemical U.S.A. 

Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801. 

The Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. 

The authors would also like to acknowledge the Solar Energy Research Institute, Golden, Colorado as well as the Materials Research Laboratory Program at Brown University for their support. 

On the supposition (not necessarily correct) that every bomb contains a detonator, and that most detonators are electric blasting caps (also incorrect, at least in the US), the Materials Research Laboratories of Australia investigated the inclusion of metal strips, bands or pellets as identification tags for electric blasting caps (Ref... 

The fiber studied was kindly provided by Professor G. Berry of Carnegie-Mel Ion University. The authors thank Mr. S. Allen for furnishing the SEM picture of Figure 1. We also thank Dr. A. Kulshreshtha and Mr. W. Adams for helpful discussions throughout this work. Financial support was received from the U.S. Air Force through contract F33615-78-C-5175 and the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Massachusetts. One of us (EJR) is indebted to the CNRS for favoring his stay at the University of Massachusetts. 

This work was principally supported by a grant from the General Electric Co. The studies also were partly supported by grant DMR75-05004 from the National Science Foundation, grants from the Army Research Office and from the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Massachusetts. One of us (A.E.) appreciates the travel support from the International Commission for Cultural Exchange between the United States and Spain. We would like to express also our appreciation to E. Balizer who obtained the calorimetry measurements. 

This research was supported by the Los Angeles Rubber Group, the duPont Company, and the Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts. Technical assistance was kindly provided by Janis Levin of the University of Massachusetts and by Donald R. Ireland and Lee Wogulis of Effects Technology. 

J.J. Pluth and J.V. Smith thank NSF for grant CHE 80-23444 and general support to the Materials Research Laboratory (DMR 79-24007). 

School, spending her school holidays doing research back at Cambridge. For the next 2 years, she held the position of Crystallographic Scientist in the Materials Research Laboratory, Philips Lamps, Mitcham, London. 

We thank the Massachusetts Centers of Excellence Corporation and Milli-pore Corporation for financial support of this research at the University of Massachusetts. In addition, we also thank Anthony Allegrezza for his helpful discussion and Stephen Blazka for CPC measurements and the use of the facilities of the Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts. 

The suport of the National Science Foundation for the Materials Research Laboratory and the Center for University of Massachusetts-Industry Research on Polymers (CUMIRP) is gratefully acknowleged. 

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of a Graduate Fellowship to GCR from the National Science Foundation and grants from the Office of Naval Research and the Materials Research Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A Fulbright Senior Research Scholarship to CDP is also greatly appreciated. 

The authors are grateful to the National Science Foundation for the support of this work under Grant No. GH-388A8 and for the use of the facilities of the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Massachusetts. We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided to Sofren Hvilsted by the Otto Mslnsted Foundation of Denmark. 

The partial support of this work and the use of the facilities of the Materials Research Laboratory and the support of the Office of Naval Research are gratefully acknowledged. 

LARRY R. FAULKNER is Professor and Head of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He received his B.S. degree from Southern Methodist University in 1966 and his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Texas at Austin in 1969. He has served since that time as a member of the chemistry faculty at Harvard University, at the University of Texas at Austin, and at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He has been a member of the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Illinois since 1978. He served as U.S. Regional Editor of the Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry from 1980 to 1985. His research activities focus on electron, energy, and mass transfer processes in systems of controlled chemical architecture. 

F. Zawadowski, and J. Lill for their collaboration and to G. GrUner for helpful and informative conversations. I am grateful to the Central Research Institute for Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences for hospitality while the work reported in V was carried out. The remainder of the work was supported in part by NSF DMR75-13343 and the Materials Research Laboratory of the National Science Foundation at The University of Chicago. 

Work supported in part by ONR Grant N00014-90-J-1137 and by Texas Advanced Technology grant 004952011. H. R. Leuchtag thanks Texas Southern University for a sabbatical leave and the Materials Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, for its hospitality. 

This work supported in part by the Materials Research Laboratory Program of the National Science Foundation at the University of Chicago by Grant No. DMR78-24698 and at Purdue University by Grant No. DMR77-23798. 

Received January 24, 1975. Work supported by the National Institutes of Health grant HL14827 and the Materials Research Laboratory sponsored by the National Science Foundation. 

J. Abelson, G. de Rosny, S. Vepfek, W. B. Jackson, R, A. Street, M. J. Thompson, D. K. Biegelsen, and L. Ley for sending me preprints of their work and to P. Persans for providing me with his unpublished results. The work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. DMR-8009225 and by the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Chicago under National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-7924007. 

The authors are pleased to acknowledge the support of this research by the Materials Research Laboratory of Case Western Reserve University and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR80-20245. 

The authors would like to thank Mary Costa, Kevin Fish and Catherine Gavin for the timely preparation of this manuscript. In addition we also acknowledge the Materials Research Laboratory at Brown University and the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of Rhode Island for support of this work. 

This work was partially supported by the US National Science Foimdation (CTS 98-06329). EGS acknowleges support of the US Department of Energy (DEFG02-91ER45439) through the Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois. 

W. J. MacKnight and F. E. Karasz Polymer Science and Engineering Department and the Materials Research Laboratory University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ma. 01003... 

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