The horizontal separator

Nozzle Size, NB (mm) Minimum Distances (Tan Line to Nozzle Center Line mm) 

Process engineering and design using Visual Basic 

The heavy liquid outlet nozzle (N3) is placed as close as possible to the weir location, and tiie light liquid outlet nozzle (N4) is placed close to the tangent line. 

Elevation of low interface level shutdown (LILSD) is normally set at 150 mm from the bottom of the vessel however, it is always advisable to check the liquid residence time for LILSD. A too short liquid residence time will increase the chances of a gas breakthrough from the separator. Generally, 1 to 3 min residence time is adequate for the shutdown level. The same principle can be used to set the low liquid level shutdown (LLLSD). This setting also depends on tire type of separator being used. For the flooded weir separator, this level can be set either above or below the weir level, depending on the residence time requirement. 

A low interface level (LIE) is usually used to raise an alarm for the operator s intervention. The required distance and liquid residence time between LIE and LILSD depends on the fluctuation of the incoming liquid and the possible liquid withdrawal rate. Eor a relatively steady flow, a 150 mm gap between LIE and LILSD is often used, with a liquid residence time ranging from 1 to 3 min. A low liquid level (LLL) can also be set for a 1 to 3 min residence time. Like LLLSD, LLL can also be set either above or below the weir level, depending on the application. 

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Recently spherical separators have gained considerable popularity. The shell consists of two hemispherical heads with appropriate internal construction. They have operating versatility comparable to the horizontal separator and are very compact and easily hooked up. 

Vertical separator. Fig. 2 is a schematic of a vertical separator. In this configuration inlet flow enters the vessel through the side. As in the horizontal separator, the inlet diverter does the initial gross separation. Liquid flows down to the liquid collection section of the vessel, then down to the liquid outlet. As liquid reaches equilibrium, gas bubbles flow counter to the direction of liquid flow and eventually migrate to the vapor space. The level controller and liquid dump valve operate in the same manner as in a horizontal separator. 

The points in the r+ profiles diverge from the straight line at somewhat lower values of z — d than the points diverge from the/+ line. The resistance to vapour transport is greater than the resistance to momentum transport (as shown by the horizontal separation of the profiles), and hence the heights to which the r+ profiles are fully developed are less. 

Coverage has been limited to horizontal three-phase separators up to this point. Considering Fig. 4.9, oil and water must flow vertically downward and gas vertically upward. The same laws of buoyancy and drag force apply. Equation (4.3) may therefore be used in the oil phase for water separation. Equations (4.12), (4.13), and (4.7) (see Fig. 4.8) are applied to the gas phase and oil phase for oil-gas particle separations, as was equally done for horizontal separators. The equations for the horizontal separator from Fig. 4.8 may also be used for the water drop terminal velocity in the vertical separator. 

Let us try to reduce the size of the horizontal separator. If we move the mist eliminator to outside of the separator shell, as shown in Figure 6.3.1, the diameter... 

The vertical separator is 1.625 ft (0.494 m) in diameter and 8.5 ft (2.59 m) long. At this point, it appears that the vertical separator is the best choice because of its smaller diameter and wall thickness. Also, locating the mist eliminator outside of the separator shell will add to the cost of the horizontal separator. 

The computer program PROG41 sizes both the vertical and horizontal separators. Table 4-5 shows the input data and computer output for both separators. From the computed output, the diameter of the vertical separator with the given flow data and physical properties is 2.88 ft, the liquid height is 1.03 ft and the vessel volume is 6.74 fF. The computer output for the horizontal separator gives its diameter as 4.13 ft, the vessel length is 12.39 ft, and volume is 165.82 fF. 

COMPUTE THE SIZING OF THE HORIZONTAL SEPARATOR CALL HORIZ... 

THIS PROGRAM PRINTS THE RESULTS OF THE HORIZONTAL SEPARATOR... 

Analyze The size of the band gap depends on the vertical and horizontal positions of the elements in the periodic table. The band gap will increase when either of the following conditions is met (1) The elements are located higher up in the periodic table, where enhanced orbital overlap leads to a larger splitting between bonding and antibonding orbitals, or (2) the horizontal separation between the elements increases, which leads to an increase in the electronegativity difference and bond polarity. 

Due to the horizontal separation, the mold parts under molding pressure in the molding compound run until catastrophic failure and create extremely high compression stresses in the mold steel. 

Horizontal separation using positive molds should be avoided for selecting the design of the shut-off edges. It is preferable to maintain the horizontal separation using transfer molds (if the part geometry allows it). 

In this equation, h,- and hj are the heights of the zth and jth conductors, respectively, andy is the horizontal separation between the zth and jth conductors. 

Where transition from one vertical ladder to another is accomplished using a side-step platform, the horizontal separation between the two ladders should be a maximum of 18 inches (460 millimeters). A mng on the parallel ladder to the intermediate platform should be at the same height as the platform. 

The success of the method in calculating the horizontal separation d from the properties of the reactants and products ultimately determines its abiUty to provide reasonable estimates of the activation energy. According to the ISM, the separation d is the sum of the reactive bonds extensions from their equilibrium to their transition-state configurations. For a reaction such as that of mechanism (VIII), this is the sum of the extension of the BC bond with that of the AB bond... 

We use the following notation Dov, Dm for the outer and inner diameter of the vane assembly, respectively Dmid for the geometric mean diameter of vane equals (DovDiv) / I for the horizontal separation between two adjacent vane elements / for the horizontal width of a vane element Ny for the number of vane elements (also equals number of vane openings) t for the vane thickness (3 for the vane angle relative to the horizontal and ay,hy for the length and... 

For a relief KO drum, the horizontal separator is popular simply because of the use of split flow. In this design, one inlet nozzle is used at the vessel center with two outlets on either side. This split-flow advantage is available only in horizontal separators. 

The separator design using the API 521 method has been developed only for the horizontal separator. 

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