Horizontal separators

Figure Bl.15.8. (A) Left side energy levels for an electron spin coupled to one nuclear spin in a magnetic field, S= I =, gj >0, a<0, and a l 2h)<(a. Right side schematic representation of the four energy levels with )= Mg= , Mj= ). +-)=1, ++)=2, -)=3 and -+)=4. The possible relaxation paths are characterized by the respective relaxation rates W. The energy levels are separated horizontally to distinguish between the two electron spin transitions. Bottom ENDOR spectra shown when a /(21j)< ca (B) and when co < a /(2fj) (C).

Estimate the cost of nonbonded HH repulsion as < function of distance by plotting energy (vertical axis) vs HH separation (horizontal axis) for methane+metham (two methanes approaching each other with CH bond head on ). Next, measure the distance between the nearest hychogens in eclipsed ethane. What is the HI repulsion energy in the methane chmer at this distance Multiplied by three, does this approximate the rotatioi barrier in ethane ... 

Gravity separators—horizontal and vertical (also called blowdown... 

Gravity Separators (Horizontal and Vertical Drums/Catch Tanks)... 

Free-Flow Electrophoresis. Free-flow electrophoresis is the most common technique for scaling up electrophoresis for commercial application, in this technique, sample compounds are injected into a curtain of buffer which flows between two flat plates, with electrodes parallel to the flow at each end. The electric field is then applied perpendicularly to the flow direction, so that as compounds flow down between the electrodes they separate horizontally and exit the flow field at different locations. 

Figure 3-26. Two-dimensional separation of tryptic digest of BSA by simple 2D-HPLC. First-D cation exchange separation (horizontal axis), MCI CQK-31S 5-mm (50 mm, 2.1-mm i.d.) column, 2nd-D reversed-phase separation (vertical axis), monolithic silica-C18 Chromolith Flash (25 mm, 4.6 mm i.d.) column. The fractionation at the Ist-D was done every 2min. (Reprinted from reference 98, with permission.)...

In the case continuous separation, two types of separators can be distinguished horizontal and vertical continuous separators. Horizontal separators are subdivided into longitudinal and radial. Longitudinal horizontal separators can be rectangular or round depending on the geometry of the cross section. 

A wide variety of designs are used for gravity segregation in immiscible-liquid separators horizontal or vertical vessels, troughs (API separators), and vessels with various internet confignrauons or parallel plates. 

Figure 6. Three-dimensional representations of parts of the potential energy surfaces for the X Aj, A Bj, and B Aj states of H2O plotted as a function of the HOH bending angle and the HO—H dissociation coordinate. The A and B states are degenerate for linear geometries, and are separated (horizontally) only for clarity of presentation. Figure courtesy of R. N. Dixon.

Splash deck—Row of separated horizontal slats onto which liquid rains. 

Trays, angle— Trays consisting of a series of separated horizontal angle irons. 

Figure 5.83. (A) Broad-band decoupled spectrum of 5a-androstane. (B) ID-INADEQUATE spectrum. (C) region of C-8 and C-10 expanded to show up couplings. (D) 2D-INADEQUATE spectrum of 5a-androstane showing the couplings lying on separate horizontal lines with the peaks located symmetrically on either side of a diagonal, thus greatly facilitating identification.

FIGURE 5 Two-dimensional separation of a mixture of denatured peptides from a rat s liver. The separation horizontally Is by Isoelectric focusing (Section III.D) with the low pH to the left. The vertical separation was made by SDS-PAGE according to size, the largest at the top. (The upper limit of relative mass is 10 and the lower limit is -15,000.)... 

Typical installation Vertical separator Horizontal separator... 

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