Outlet liquid

Process Controls If the inlet or outlet liquid to a piuTro-tnrbiue is regulated by a level controller on the hqnid-snpply vessel, a falling liquid level inside the vessel will cause this coutroUer to throttle a valve, reducing the differential pressure available to the pump-... 

The temperature or number of trays can then be varied until the calculated outlet liquid composition equals the assumed composition, and the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to or less than that assumed. If the vapor pressure of the liquid is too high, the bottoms temperature must be increased. 

Suffixes, 1 = inlet, 2 = outlet vapour, 3 = outlet liquid. 

Knowing the outlet liquid composition, the outlet vapour composition can be calculated from the v-l-e relationship. 

In order to calculate the outlet stream composition it is reasonable, for a condenser, to assume that the gas and liquid streams are in equilibrium at the outlet liquid temperature... 

Estimation of stage temperature and outlet liquid composition (x )... 

Koido, Furusawa, and Moriyama [206] used a technique based on the steady-state test method for reservoir rock, sandstone, and other porous media. In this method, a DL is sandwiched between similar DLs on the inlet and outlet sides. The material on the inlet is used to guarantee homogeneous distribution of liquid water in the planar direction, while the material at the outlet minimizes the flow in the outlet. Liquid water is introduced first and then a constant flow rate of air is injected. Once it is at steady state, the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet is measured. The sample is then weighed and the permeability is calculated in a way similar to that of Nguyen and colleagues [205]. 

Subcooling in a shell-and-tube condensers. Figure 13.3 is the same propane condenser shown in Fig. 13.2. Let s assume that the pressure drop through the shell side is zero. Again, we are dealing with a pure component propane. The inlet vapor is at its dew point. That means it is saturated vapor. Under these circumstances, the outlet liquid should be saturated liquid, or liquid at its bubble point. As the inlet dew-point temperature is 120°F, the outlet bubble-point temperature should be 120°F. But, as can be seen in Fig. 13.3, the outlet shell-side liquid temperature is 90°F, not 120°F. Why ... 

The latent heat of condensation of this vapor is absorbed by the liquid entering the reflux drum. The liquid that enters the reflux drum, comes from the condenser. The hot vapor mixes with the condenser outlet liquid, and is condensed by this cooler liquid. 

When operated in a horizontal mode, inlet and out let risers were located at SI and S2 to insure complete flooding of the adsorption bed. Septa at SI and S2 also provided access for inlet or outlet liquid samples that could be analyzed. When regeneration studies were being performed, an internal thermocouple was used to monitor the adsorption bed temperature and the dry nitrogen regeneration gas was passed through the bed by switching valve VI. 

Intermediate liquid outlets. Liquid may be withdrawn using a chimney tray or from a downcomer. A chimney tray is a flat, unperforated plate with vapor risers. It permits total withdrawal of liquid a downcomer drawoff permits only partial withdrawal because some weeping occurs through the tray. A downcomer drawoff may contain some entrained gas, which must be separated downstream or allowed for in downstream equipment design. 

Knowing the concentrations in the absorber-outlet liquid stream C k. 0, the model of the bioreactor allows calculation of the concentrations in the reactor-outlet stream Ck =1. The model consists of mass-balance equations for FeEDTA complexes ... 

As shown in Figure 27, plots of the equilibrium data, the y — x line, and the operating line allow a procedure to calculate the unknown variables for a system, typically, the outlet liquid and vapor compositions. The y = x line simplifies the graphical solution method and intersects the operating line at the feed composition, z. Thus, at this point, y = x = z. The unknown compositions, in the vapor and liquid product streams, are determined by the intersection of the operating line and the equilibrium curve. 

The inlet liquid mole fraction, X2, is given as 0, and the describing equation for Xj, the outlet liquid mole fraction, is... 

Extraction involves the transfer of components between two liquid phases, much as absorption or stripping involves the transfer of components from liquid to vapor phase or vice versa. As in vapor-liquid multistage separation processes, the device employed to carry out liquid-liquid extraction is usually a counterflow column that performs the function of a number of equilibrium stages interconnected in counterflow configuration. In each stage, two inlet liquid streams mix, reach equilibrium, and separate into two outlet liquid streams. As in vapor-liquid columns, the lack of complete equilibrium in liquid-liquid extractors is accounted for by some form of tray efficiency. Liquid-liquid extraction may also be carried out in a cascade of mixing vessels connected in series in counterflow. 

Outlet Liquid Condensate Analysis conve- Selec-... 

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