The Drivers of Change

Hameri A.P., Hintsa J., 2009, Assessing the Drivers of Change for Cross-Border Supply Chains, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 39(9), pp. 741-761. 

When a driver commands an increase in vehicle velocity, that vehicle obeys Newton s first law of motion, which states that when a force (F) acts on a body of mass (M) and initially at rest, that body tvill experience an acceleration (a). For an automobile, typical units for acceleration, which is the rate of change of velocity, would be miles per hour per sec-... 

The replacement of established chemistries with newer ones is one of the classic drivers of change in the chemical industry. One of the current hotbeds of this kind of change is the replacement of brominated flame retardants in polymer formulations. The brominated flame retardants under the most scrutiny have been polybrominated diphenyl ethers, particularly penta- and octabromodiphenyl ether, which have been shown to be persistent in the environment and to bioaccumulate. Great Lakes Chemical is voluntarily phasing out penta- and octa-BDEs by the end of next year. The phaseout is made possible by the clean bill of health granted by EPA for Firemaster 550, a replacement for penta-BDE in flexible PU applications. BRG Townsend claims the phaseout of penta-BDE and octa-BDE is not as earth shattering as would be an exit from deca-BDE, a styrenics additive that is produced in the highest volume of the PBDEs. 

A question we would like to ask is, how does the transfer curve of the circuit from the previous section change as we change the driver MOSFET width-to-length ratio We would like a family of curves that show the effect of changing the driver width. Families of transfer curves can be generated using the Parametric Sweep in conjunction with the DC Sweep or by using the Secondary Sweep. The Secondary Sweep was demonstrated in Section 4.D.2, so we will demonstrate the Parametric Sweep here. 

World Economic Forum in Davos, the leaders of the world s largest chemical companies placed biotechnology among the key drivers of change for the decade ahead. 

Over the first part of the twentieth century, it is expected that a large increase in the utilization of renewable bioresources will occur. The possibility for change arises from the broad range of research projects that are currently under way, and the drivers for change continue to include sustainable economic growth and national energy security, and to minimize anthropogenic effects on the environment. 

Equations (63) and (64) resolve issue four. Nuclear reactivity indices have been defined and clearly display the drivers of the nuclear response to transfers of electrons into and out of the system. The rescaled frontier-orbital density /5F(r) drives that response through the screened force, Eq. (65), when Jf is changed directly, Eq. (63), and the local DOS g(r, fi) drives it when fi is changed, Eq. (64). 

The ten-year projection should be provided for three scenarios base, optimistic, and pessimistic. These cases are not meant to be simple percentage changes of the sales projechons. Instead, the team should try to identify the drivers of the project s success and construct alternahves for the future that lead to different results for the project The base case should be the most likely case. The optimistic scenario should be based on the positive development of some (not all) key success factors. The pessimistic scenario is usually the minimum feasible case, meaning a situation where the organization would still pursue the project, but some factors do not develop in a positive way. 

A view on the importance of different drivers of change was provided by consultants EAG Environ, UK, who conduct an annual survey to investigate the business case for environmental disclosure. In this, companies from a range of different business sectors were asked to rate the relative influence of a range of stakeholders in their decision to produce an environmental report. Scoring ranged from 0 (no importance) to a maximum of 3 (very important). The results are shown in Table 2.4. 

Adaptive cmise control (ACC) is a function for longitudinal control of vehicles, which relieves the driver of a significant part of the task of driving, and in a comfortable manner. ACC can be seen as a further development of cruise control, which maintains constant speed. In regions where traffic situations commonly permit steady speeds (such as in the USA) this function has been widely accepted cmise control is fitted to more than 90% of US vehicles. In regions characterized by more unsteady traffic conditions with frequent speed changes, cmise control is less often found. In Europe this function is fitted to less than 10% of vehicles. 

Because of a scarcity of data, it is difficult to explore the mechanisms behind the increases in toxicity observed for earthworms. It is possible that the drivers for changes in toxicity in terrestrial systems are different from those in aquatic systems where the exposure route is less complex. 

We will now turn from the planning system to look at what we call conditions for success. Recall the action-results and conditions for success model (see Figure 1). Much of the work of ISE tends to be in the domain of action to results working on what we ctill drivers of change that directly result in improved business results. Often the effectiveness of efforts to influence drivers is diminished because the conditions for enabhng the efforts to be effective are not present. So we identify enablers that are collectively constitute conditions for success. We wUl introduce four enablers that are central to conditions for success ... 

It should also be noted that theoretically the approach to equilibrium involves an ever-decreasing rate of change, although in many reactions there is soon a point when there is no further observable change. We can understand this in terms of a simple feedback cycle (Figure 3.1, overleaf). If we consider the driver for change to be the extent to which the reaction mixture is out of equihbrium , then the further from equilibrium the mixture, the greater the net rate of reaction (shown by a + symbol), which of course moves the reaction closer to equilibrium. However, that reduces the driver, and the rate of reaction slows, and the rate at which the reaction approaches equihbrium also slows. 

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