Relative influence

Reactor temperature and pressure. If there is a significant difierence between the effect of temperature or pressure on primary and byproduct reactions, then temperature and pressure should be manipulated to improve selectivity and minimize the waste generated by byproduct formation. d. Catalysts. Catalysts cam have a major influence on selectivity. Changing the catalyst can change the relative influence on the primary and byproduct reactions. 

Interpret these results in terms of the relative influence of the two components of the catalyst on the product found. 

The influence of physicochemical factors is closely related to surface phenomena at the solid-liquid boundary. It is especially manifested by the presence of small particles in the suspension. Large particle sizes result in an increase in the relative influence of hydrodynamic factors, while smaller sizes contribute to a more dramatic influence from physicochemical factors. No reliable methods exist to predict when the influence of physicochemical factors may be neglected. However, as a general rule, for rough evaluations their influence may be assumed to be most pronounced in the particle size range of 15-20 tm. 

Based on the analyst s experience, or upon error theory, it is possible to assign weights to the various PIFs to represent the relative influence that each PIF has on all the tasks in the set being evaluated. In this example it is assumed that in general the level of experience has the least influence on these types of errors, and time stress the most iirfluence. The relative effects of the different PIFs can be expressed by the following weights ... 

Meyers and coworkers141 measured the pKa values of a number of arylthio-, arylsulfinyl-and arylsulfonyl-phenols. From their few results relating to the effects of 4 - R on 4-OH, Hogeveen138 inferred that relative influence of substituents was about the same in the three series, contrasting with what he had found in his various series of acrylic acids. He attributed this to the compensation of the polarizability effect (see above) by the influence of a(pd) conjugation in the anions of the sulfinyl and sulfonyl series. Meyers and coworkers141 were more interested in the effect of moving the OH from the 4- to the 2-position (see Section III.D). 

Schneider, U. Mazur, P. (1987). Relative influence of unfrozen fiwition and salt concentration on the survival of slowly frozen eight-cell mouse embryos. Cryobiol. 24, 17-41. 

Weigel BM, Wang LZ, Rasmussen PW, Butcher JT, Stewart PM, Simon TP, Wiley MJ. 2003. Relative influence of variables at multiple spatial scales on sheam macro invertebrates in the Northern Lakes and Forest ecoregion, USA. Freshwat Biol 48 1440-1461. 

By using NFS, information on both rotational and translational dynamics can be extracted. In many cases, it would be favorable to obtain separate information about either rotational or translational mobility of the sensor molecule. In this respect, two other nuclear scattering techniques using synchrotron radiation are of advantage. Synchrotron radiation-based perturbed angular correlations (SRPAC) yields direct and quantitative evidence for rotational dynamics (see Sect. 9.8). NIS monitors the relative influence of intra- and inter-molecular forces via the vibrational density of states (DOS) which can be influenced by the onset of molecular rotation (see Sect. 9.9.5). 

Figure 11. Pure Fermi coupling within the exchange approximation relative influence of the damping parameters. Common parameters

Figure 13. Hydrogen bond involving a Fermi resonance relative influence of the damping parameters. Spectral densities 7sf(co) computed from Eq. (81). Common parameters a0 = 1, A = 160cm-1, co0 = 3000cm-1, co00 = 150cm-1, 2t05 = 2790cm-1, and T = 300K.

Zitiianova and others (2006) examined the inhibitory effect of extracts from different kinds of fruits and vegetables on the oxidative damage to proteins in vitro. Dragsted and others (2004) investigated the relative influence of nutritive and nonnutritive factors in fruit and vegetables on oxidative damage and enzymatic defense. Jacob and others... 

An electrochemist assesses the number of ions and their relative influence by means of the ionic strength I (as defined below). 

Changes in the parameters Q and K3 have the largest relative influence on C°pt, significantly more than Kl or K2. The relative sensitivities for Dopt are... 

The way marketers respond to food crises should take into account whether a country s food consumption is influenced more by risk perceptions or by risk attitudes. The relative influence of risk perception and risk attitude on consumption depends, among others, on the accuracy of knowing the probability that negative health side effects could occur from eating food products. 

A better agreement between experimental and calculated a values cannot be reasonably expected because of the well known difficulties of accurate determination of low compositional heterogeneity on polydisperse copolymers (4 1). Both the high molecular weight of the PMMA precursor and the autoretarded kinetics contribute to the narrowing of the compositional distribution, but their relative influence cannot be estimated separately. 

Burks, B. S. (1928a). Chapter X. The relative influence of nature and nurture upon mental development A comparative study of foster parent-offspring child resemblance and true parent-true child resemblance. Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, 27, 219-316. 

The increase in i>p 0 is due to a progressive increase in the coupling of M-0 and P-0 vibrations with an increasing atomic number of the lanthanide ion. Similarly, McRae and Karraker (201) have found that the Pp 0 increases with decreasing ionic radius in the complexes of TPP with lanthanide nitrates. This trend has, however, been explained by them in terms of relative influence of attractive and repulsive forces in these complexes. As the size of the lanthanide ion decreases, the repulsive forces in-... 

The relative influences of spatial emission distribution, time dependence, and chemical reactions on regional pollution patterns. 

Figure Y shows the H NMRD profiles of water solutions of Fe(H20)g in 1 M perchloric acid at 298 K and in a glyceroTwater mixture (36). Only one dispersion is observed at about Y MHz. It corresponds to a correlation time Tc 3 X 10 s. The small increase of relaxivity above 20 MHz indicates that a field dependent is influential in the determination of at high field (see also Section II. C). From the fit to the SBM theory, is estimated to be around 5 x 10 s at room temperature, a value commonly found for small complexes in water solution and of the order expected for the mean lifetime between collisions with solvent molecules. The fit also provides a value for A = 0.095 cm , so that t o is calculated to be 9 x 10 s at room temperature. By increasing the viscosity through glycerol water mixture, it is shown that the relative influence of tb on with respect to becomes lower and lower with the increase in relaxivity in the high-field region being more and more evident. The fit of the profile acquired in the glycerol solution, performed by assuming that r, Ag, and A are not affected by the presence...

To describe and quantify these complex dynamics, models are used. Modeling of contaminant transport involves formulation of a conceptual framework and corresponding quantitative relationships that lead to determination of contaminant distributions over space and time. Models also can be used to investigate the relative influence of different physical and (geo)chemical mechanisms on contaminant transport and to assist in designing management and remediation strategies. 

Figure 8, Relative influence of halogens on the performance of U-1 membrane after 16 hour exposure at various pH levels...

Low, B.Y., Anderson, K.L., Vincent, M.. Gardener, S.D., Pittman, C.U. and Hacketl, R.M. (1995a). Toughened carbon fiber/epoxy composites the relative influence of an elastomer interpha.se and elastomer dispersed in the matrix. Composites Eng. 5, 437-457. 

The measured osmolality of some contrast agents differ considerably from the theoretical value [83-85] due to the formation of aggregates in the solution by intermolecular bonding. Violon investigated the relative influence of different parameters on the experimental osmolality and established - based on seven compounds - a relationship allowing the calculation of the real osmolality of monomeric non-ionic contrast agents [86]. 

Equation (2) shows that the resolution is a function of three different factors (1) the resolving power of the column as measured by the plate number that expresses the relative width of bands (2) the relative retention of the two compounds that measures how far apart the bands are from each other and (3) the magnitude of retention, as separation is a result of retention. The relative influence of these factors has been discussed by Snyder (72,13) in a form very easy to use in practice. 

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