Microstructure texture

Kidmose, U. and Martens, H. (1999). Changes in texture, microstructure and nutritional quality of carrot slices during blanching and freezing. J. Food Sci. Agric. 79,1747-1753. 

Buffa, M.N., Trujillo, A.J., Pavia, M., and Guamis, B. 2001. Changes in textural, microstructural, and colour characteristics during ripening of cheeses made from raw, pasteurized or high-pressure-treated goats milk. Int. Dairy J. 11, 927-934. 

Prothon, E, Ahrne, L., Funebo, T., Kidman, S., Langton, M., and Sjoholm, I. Effects of combined osmotic and microwave dehydration of apple on texture, microstructure and rehydration characteristics, Lebensm. Wiss. TechnoL, 34, 95, 2001. 

In this study the effect of texture on fracture toughness was studied by varying the template s aspect ratio. SEM analyses were done for microstmeture characterization. Rocking curve was done to quantify the orientation distribution of mullite grains in the mullite/zirconia composite. Elastic modulus, strength, hardness and toughness of the composites were measured and correlated to the textured microstructure. 

J.M. Del-Valle, V. Aranguiz, and H. Leon, Effect of blanching and calcium infiltration on PPO activity, texture, microstructure and kinetics of osmotic dehydration of apple tissue. Food Res. Int., 31 551 (1998). 

These considerations have led to development of the 8N4 composition with a textured microstructure. 

Plastic deformation of a moldable powder-additive mixture is employed in several forming methods for ceramics. Extrusion of a moist clay-water mixture is used extensively in the traditional ceramics sector for forming components with a regular cross section (e.g., solid and hollow cylinders, tiles, and bricks). The method is also used to form some oxide ceramics for advanced applications (e.g., catalyst supports, capacitor tubes and electrical insulators). A recent development is the repeated co-extrusion of a particle-filled thermoplastic polymer to produce textured microstructures or fine-scale structures. Injection molding of a ceramic-polymer mixture is a potentially useful method for the mass production of small ceramic articles with complex shapes. However, the method has not yet materialized into a significant forming process for ceramics mainly because of two factors ... 

A method based on repeated co-extrusion of a powder-filled thermoplastic polymer has been developed recently to form ceramics with a textured microstructure (59) or with fine-scale features (60). A schematic of the method is shown in Fig. 6.47. A mixture of ceramic particles (e.g., AI2O3), thermoplastic polymer (e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate), and processing aid (e.g., low molecular weight polyethylene glycol as a plasticizer) containing —50 vol% particles is formed into a rodlike feed material (the feed rod) with the required arrangement of the ceramic phase by extrusion in a piston extruder or by lamination. Extrusion of the feed rod. 

The evolution of material texture in polycrystalline materials remains another important microstructural consideration in shock compression. 

Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) with their variants (scanning transmission microscopes, analytical microscopes, high-resolution microscopes, high-voltage microscopes) are now crucial tools in the study of materials crystal defects of all kinds, radiation damage, ofif-stoichiometric compounds, features of atomic order, polyphase microstructures, stages in phase transformations, orientation relationships between phases, recrystallisation, local textures, compositions of phases... there is no end to the features that are today studied by TEM. Newbury and Williams (2000) have surveyed the place of the electron microscope as the materials characterisation tool of the millennium . 

H. Li, F. Czerwinski, J. A. Szpunar. Monte-Carlo simulation of texture and microstructure development in nanocrystalhne electrodeposits. Nanostruct Mater 9 673, 1997. 

K.Pawlik, J. Pospiech and K. Liicke, "The ODF approximation from pole figures with the aid of the ADC method" Textures and Microstructures 14-18, 66,1991,... 

The present review shows how the microhardness technique can be used to elucidate the dependence of a variety of local deformational processes upon polymer texture and morphology. Microhardness is a rather elusive quantity, that is really a combination of other mechanical properties. It is most suitably defined in terms of the pyramid indentation test. Hardness is primarily taken as a measure of the irreversible deformation mechanisms which characterize a polymeric material, though it also involves elastic and time dependent effects which depend on microstructural details. In isotropic lamellar polymers a hardness depression from ideal values, due to the finite crystal thickness, occurs. The interlamellar non-crystalline layer introduces an additional weak component which contributes further to a lowering of the hardness value. Annealing effects and chemical etching are shown to produce, on the contrary, a significant hardening of the material. The prevalent mechanisms for plastic deformation are proposed. Anisotropy behaviour for several oriented materials is critically discussed. 

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