Textiles woven fabrics

ISO 9290. 1990. Textiles—woven fabrics -Determination of tear resistance by the falling pendulum method. 

ISO 3801 1977. Textiles—woven fabrics—determination of mass per unit length and mass per unit area. 

Tensile properties 150 5081 1977 Textiles - Woven fabrics - Determination of breaking strength and elongation (Strip method) Okra bast 23... 

ISO 3801, Textiles — Woven Fabrics — Determination of Mass Per Unit Length and Mass Per Unit Area, ISO, Geneve, 1977. 

The majority of filtration textiles are based on synthetic fibres, although some are made from natural fibres. Purchas (1996) noted the confusions that arise due to the multiplicity of synthetic fibres, which is further compounded by many different trade names. Out of this confusion he was able to define five convenient categories of filtration textiles woven fabrics, needlefelts, bonded media, stretched film media and composites. 

Other companies with early involvement in developing nonwovens as textile replacements include Avondale Mills, Kimberly-Clark, The Kendall Company, and the West Point Manufacturing Company. Freudenburg of Germany, a worldwide producer of nonwoven interlinings (another woven fabric replacement), began efforts in the 1930s to find a substitute for leather (qv) (7). 

A second wtinMe-recovery test, AATCC test method no. 128, describes the determination of the appearance of textile fabrics after intentional wrinkling followed by evaluation of appearance in comparison to standard repHcas. A visual rating from 1 (wrinkled) to 5 (smooth) is assigned. This method may be used for both woven and knitted fabrics, whereas the recovery angle method is appHcable only to woven fabrics. 

FBAs can also be estimated quantitatively by fluorescence spectroscopy, which is much more sensitive than the ultraviolet method but tends to be prone to error and is less convenient to use. Small quantities of impurities may lead to serious distortions of both emission and excitation spectra. Indeed, a comparison of ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra can yield useful information on the purity of an FBA. Different samples of an analytically pure FBA will show identical absorption and excitation spectra. Nevertheless, an on-line fluorescence spectroscopic method of analysis has been developed for the quantitative estimation of FBAs and other fluorescent additives present on a textile substrate. The procedure was demonstrated by measuring the fluorescence intensity at various excitation wavelengths of moving nylon woven fabrics treated with various concentrations of an FBA and an anionic sizing agent. It is possible to detect remarkably small differences in concentrations of the absorbed materials present [67]. 

A length of woven fabric attached to both ends of a roll of textile which is to be spread or calendered, the purpose being to lead in and wind up the textile without damage. 

A fabric made by uniting a mass of staple fibres into a continuous sheet by using the adhesive properties of a bonding agent, usually rubber latex, either natural or synthetic. In textile technology the term is applied to fabrics which are not woven, such as felted fabrics. Non-woven fabrics are now being termed bonded fabrics. 

In a limited sense, any material suitable for weaving or being made into a woven fabric. In the rubber industry the term is widened to include any material used for the structural reinforcing of a product and thus includes such materials as steel and glass not normally classed as textiles. See Cotton, Nylon, Rayon and Terylene. 

A textile term denoting a width of cloth as woven in the loom. The meaning has been broadened in the mbber industry to include almost any sheeting such as might be positioned by a web guide, or the mat of fibres later impregnated with latex in the manufacture of non-woven fabrics. See Rubber Webbing. 

Frictioning involves rubbing or wiping an elastomeric compound into a substrate of textile or metallic cords, which may or may not be held together by pick threads or fill yams, or the substrate may consist of a square woven fabric like hose ducks or belt ducks . 

ISO 3616 2001 Textile glass - Chopped-strand and continuous-filament mats -Determination of average thickness, thickness under load and recovery after compression ISO 4603 1993 Textile glass - Woven fabrics - Determination of thickness ISO 4604 1978 Textile glass - Woven fabrics - Determination of conventional flexural stiffness - Fixed angle flexometer method... 

ISO 4606 1995 Textile glass - Woven fabric - Determination of tensile breaking force and elongation at break by the strip method... 

Experimental proof for the above-described hypothesis was found by taking microscopic photographs of the textile structures in dry and wet conditions using a fluorescent solution. From these images, it could be seen that air bubbles were indeed trapped in the wet structures, but due to the more regular structure of the non-woven fabrics compared with woven and knitted fabrics, much less air was trapped. Confirmation for the dissolution of these bubbles is found by the absence of air when the textile electrodes were immersed for about 3 days in the fluorescent solution. 

The usefulness of the analytical method for the identification of dyes in old textile materials is demonstrated in the following. Figure 6 illustrates a fragment of a woven fabric from the south coast of Peru, probably from the valley of the Rio Nazca. This object is dated A.D. 100-200. We have investigated this sample for the Museum fur Volkerkunde in Hamburg, West Germany. 

Besides the commonplace uses as textiles and the more sophisticated uses as reinforcements to make composite materials, woven fabrics made of a fibrous yam can be used to make versatile yet low cost structures. Such construction alternatives can provide the following advantages ... 

Generally the sfipping of woven fabrics is tested by two different methods, those that imitate yam shifting within the fabric system and those that cover yam shifting near a seam sewn into the treated fabric (Table 9.1). The latter are more important in the textile industry. ... 

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