High-performance cellulose fibers

Tensile Properties of Various High-Performance Cellulose Fibers and Viscose Textile Fibers... 

Soroushian, R, Marikunte, S. (1992) High performance cellulose fiber reinforced cement composites , in Proc. Int. Workshop High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites, Mainz, 23-26 June, pp. 44-59. 

P. Soroushian and S. Marikunte, High performance cellulose fiber reinforced cement composites , in H.W Reinhardt and A.E. Naaman (eds) High Performanoe Fiber Rein-foroed Cement Composites, Proc. RILEM Int. Symp., E FN SPON, London and New YorK 1992, pp. 84-99. 

Discovery of the formation of liquid crystalline solutions by cellulosics in the mid-1970s has resulted in attempts to develop new cellulosics products with properties superior to those of conventional cellulosic. Following the first observation of mesophases formed in aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a variety of other cellulose derivatives have been reported to form liquid crystals. Liquid crystalline solutions of cellulose and its derivatives provide a potential route to high-modulus and high-tenacity cellulosic fibers, films, and other high-performance products. 

Regenerated celluloses High-performance rayon fibers... 

Among these dye classes, anthraquiaone dyes are ia an important position ia reactive dyes and vat dyes for cellulose fibers, disperse dyes for polyester, and acid dyes for polyamide. Application for high performance organic pigments for plastics and paints are also important areas. 

Biomedical applications cellulose esters, 5 407-408 for ethylene oxide polymers, 10 686-688 for high performance fibers,... 

Fiber(s), 77 163-188. See also Acrylic fibers Carbon fibers Filled fibers High performance fibers New fibers Olefin fibers Optical fiber(s) Polyamide fibers Regenerated cellulose fibers Vegetable fibers antimicrobial acrylic, 77 215-219... 

Membranes and composites from cellulose and cellulose esters are important domains in the development and application of these polymer materials. The most important segment by volume in the chemical processing of cellulose contains regenerated cellulose fibers, films, and membranes, hi the case of the cellulose esters mainly cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate as well as novel high-performance materials created therefrom are widely used as laminates, composites, optical/photographic films and membranes, or other separation media, as reviewed in [1], The previously specified nanocelluloses from bacteria and wood tie in with these important potentials and open novel fields of application. 

Paper of course is perhaps the most commonplace example of a fibrous product. Although most common paper products are made of cellulosic fibers, paper-like products can also be made from the so-called high performance fibers such as aramid, glass, carbon, or other ceramic fibers. 

In addition to rayon, pitch, and PAN, many polymeric materials have been used to make carbon fibers. However, only the big three, rayon, pitch, and PAN, have endured the high-performance markets. Their price has dropped over the years, but remains high, accounting for over one-half of the production costs, too high for the GP markets. The literature supports that recycled petrochemical polymers and fibers and renewable cellulosics and lignins, which are inexpensive and widely available, may be potential feedstocks for GP carbon fibers. ... 

Efforts to make high-performance fibers and films from cellulosic mesophases have been made. For example, cellulose fibers produced from cellulosic mesophases show properties superior to those of commercially available fibers. Although these fibers are superior to commercial products, their physical properties are lower than theoretically predicted. This is in part because of that the ordered structures... 

Much less ordered than PAN-based high-strength CFs are the isotropic CFs. They are produced by the carbonization of isotropic pitch fibers (or other fibrous precursors such as phenolic resins or cellulose, including rayon), without any attempt to obtain a preferred orientation of the polyaromatic molecules in the fiber direction. Consequently, they have a random nanotexture and belong to the low modulus class of CFs [16]. Rather than being used for high-performance reinforcement purposes, they find their application as thermal insulators for furnaces or as reinforcements for cement [1]. Another important use of isotropic CFs is as a feedstock for the production of activated carbon fibers, a material dealt with in Section 2.4.4. 

Akira Isogai is a professor of cellulose, pulp and paper science, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from The University of Tokyo in 1980, 1982, and 1985, respectively. He was a postdoctoral fellow at The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisconsin, USA, from 1985 to 1986, an assistant professor of The University ofTokyo from 1986 to 1994, and an associate professor of The University ofTokyo from 1994 to 2003. He was a visiting scientist at Forest Products Laboratory, USDA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, from 1989 to 1990, a fellow of International Academy of Wood Science (2006—), and a board member of Cellulose Society ofjapan, Japan TAPPI, Society ofjapan Packaging Science, Japan Wood Research Society, Society ofjapan Fiber Science and Technology, and Society of High Performance Paper. He was a member of ACS, TAPPI, Japan Polymer Science, and so on. 

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