Textile-reinforced composite materials

Hubenbach, W., Kroll, L., Bohm, R., Langkamp, A., Czulak, A., 2006. Development of piping elements from textile reinforced composite materials for chemical apparatus construction. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 175, 231—240. 

Textile-reinforced composite materials (TRCMs) are part of the general class of engineering materials called composite materials. We can define composite materials as having two or more constituents at the macroscopic scale, such that the distribution and geometry of the constituents have been chosen to optimise one or more properties of the material. This is clearly an appropriate definition for textile-reinforced composites for which there is one phase, called the matrix, reinforced by a fibrous reinforcement in the form of a textile. 

All these mechanical results demonstrate the ability of 3D woven fabrics to be adjusted to requirements and cover a wide range of mechanical properties by modifying weaving or manufacturing parameters such as spacing between yams or fibre volume fraction of the composite. Databases of materials can be built in order to help design or selection of these 3D textile reinforced composites. 

T. Brockmann Mechanical and fracture mechanical porperties of fine grained concrete for textile reinforced composites, PhD-Thesis, Institute of Building Materials Research (ibac), RWTH Aachen University, 2006, ISBN 3-86130-631-X. 

In principle, there are as many combinations of fibre and matrix available for textile-reinforced composites as there are available for the general class of composite materials. In addition to a wide choice of materials, there is the added factor of the manufacturing route to consider, since a valued feature of composite materials is the ability to manufacture the article at the same time as the material itself is being processed. This feature of composite materials contrasts with the other classes of engineering materials (metals, ceramics, polymers), where it is usual for the material to be produced first (e.g. steel sheet) followed by the forming of the desired shape. 

There has been a rapidly growing interest in structural applications of textile reinforced composites over the past few decades. This interest can be explained by advantages that composites have over other materials used in structural engineering, such as the high stiffness and strength that can be achieved at low weight and manufacturing cost. The prediction of mechanical properties of composites is complicated by the necessity to take into account ... 

Bogdanovich, A.E., 2010. 3D translaminar and textile reinforced composites. In Blockley, R., Shyy, W. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering in 8 Volumes. In Materials Technology, vol. 4. John Wiley Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, pp. 2189-2204. 

For reasons of personal security, today more and more cars are armored with textiles or textile-armored and reinforced composite materials. 

Composites. The history of phenoHc resin composites goes back to the early development of phenoHc materials, when wood flour, minerals, and colorants were combined with phenoHc resins to produce mol ding compounds. In later appHcations, resin varnishes were developed for kraft paper and textile fabrics to make decorative and industrial laminates. Although phenoHcs have been well characterized in glass-reinforced composites, new developments continue in this area, such as new systems for Hquid-injection molding (LIM) and sheet-molding compounds (SMC). More compHcated composite systems are based on aramid and graphite fibers. 

Textiles are among the most ubiquitous materials ia society. They provide shelter and protection from the environment ia the form of apparel, as weU as comfort and decoration ia the form of household textiles such as sheets, upholstery, carpeting, drapery, and wall coveting, and they serve a variety of iadustrial functions, eg, as tire reinforcement, tenting, filter media, conveyor belts, iasulation, and reinforcement media ia various composite materials. 

Seventy years ago, nearly all resources for the production of commodities and many technical products were materials derived from natural textiles. Textiles, ropes, canvas, and paper were made of local natural fibers, such as flax and hemp. Some of them are still used today. In 1908, the first composite materials were applied for the fabrication of big quantities of sheets, tubes, and pipes in electrotechnical usage (paper or cotton as reinforcement in sheets made of phenol- or melamine-formaldehyde resins). In 1896, for example, airplane seats and fuel tanks were made of natural fibers with a small content of polymeric binders [1]. 

FIBERS. The field of fibers is an evolving one. with new technologies being developed constantly. With ihe increasing use of fibers in non-traditional textile applications, such as geoiexliles (qv). fiber-reinforced composites, specialty absorption media, and as materials of construction, new fiber types and new processing technologies can be anticipated. 

However, the technology of composite materials cannot be fully considered as a new chapter in the history of chemistry. Originally the term composite was used in conjunction with reinforced plastics. The US Society for Plastic Industries had a Reinforced Plastics Division which was renamed Reinforced Plastics and Composites Division, in 1967. [17] In France, a bi-monthly magazine entitled Plastique renforce/Verre textile published by the professional organization bearing the same name, started in 1963 and was rechristened in 1983 Composites with Plastique renforce/verre textile as a subtitle. The shift from reinforced plastics to composite... 

Besides the commonplace uses as textiles and the more sophisticated uses as reinforcements to make composite materials, woven fabrics made of a fibrous yam can be used to make versatile yet low cost structures. Such construction alternatives can provide the following advantages ... 

Amongst others, the advantage of such an absorbant lies in the excellent structural properties conferred by the composite material (glass textile reinforcement coated with polyaniline-F epoxy matrix). Besides, this composite can be combined with other materials with which its mechanical and radioelectric properties are compatible (foams, honeycombs...), For example, a bandwidth at — lOdB between 5 and 20 GHz was obtained by adding only 4-5 kg/m to the starting composite material. 

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