Textile dispersion acrylic

Emulsion Polymerization. Emulsion polymerization is the most important industrial method for the preparation of acryhc polymers. The principal markets for aqueous dispersion polymers made by emulsion polymerization of acryhc esters are the paint, paper, adhesives, textile, floor pohsh, and leather industries, where they are used principally as coatings or binders. Copolymers of either ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate with methyl methacrylate are most common. 

Functional derivatives of polyethylene, particularly poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acryLic acid) and derivatives, have received attention because of their water-solubility and disposal iato the aqueous environment. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is used ia a wide variety of appHcations, including textiles, paper, plastic films, etc, and poly(acryLic acid) is widely used ia detergents as a builder, a super-absorbent for diapers and feminine hygiene products, for water treatment, ia thickeners, as pigment dispersant, etc (see Vinyl polymers, vinyl alcohol polymers). 

HPLC-UV is a popular technique to analyse textile dyes extracted from polyester fibres [697], acidic dyes from wool fibres [698] and basic dyes from acrylic fibres [699]. HPLC provides better sensitivity and resolution than TLC [697-699]. GE-RPLC has been used for the determination of 18 disperse dyes (e.g. Navy D-2G-133, Orange CB, Yellow D-3R and Red D-2G) extracted from polyester [700]. Compared with the traditional TLC method, HPLC offers lower detection limits, better observation of contaminant peaks, and reproducible quantitative results. HPLC has also been used to determine azo dyes [701,702]. 

The three most important types of synthetic fibres used commonly as textiles are polyester, polyamides (nylon) and acrylic fibres. Polyester and the semi-synthetic fibre cellulose acetate are dyed almost exclusively with the use of disperse dyes. Polyamide fibres may be coloured using either acid dyes, the principles of which have been discussed in the section on protein fibres, or with disperse dyes. Acrylic fibres are dyed mainly using basic (cationic) dyes. 

Acrylic acid and its salts are raw materials for an important range of esters, including methyl, ethyl, butyl, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylates. The acid and its esters are used in polyacrylic acid and salts (32%, including superabsorbent polymers, detergents, water treatment chemicals, and dispersants), surface coatings (18%), adhesives and sealants (15%), textiles and non-wovens (12%), plastic modifiers (5%), and paper coating (3%). 

The split into the various textile dyestuff application areas has, over recent years, seen a shift towards the two main outlets of disperse dyes for polyester and reactive dyes for cellulosics (mainly cotton), at the expense of directs and vat dyes for cotton, cationic dyes for acrylics and acid dyes for polyamide. The latter fibre has shown a comeback in recent years with the popularity of microfibres in sports and leisure wear. The position in 1998, with disperse dyes dominating in value terms, was as shown in Table 2.6. 

The consumption of polymer dispersions in 1997 was 10xl06 t. The market is divided among styrene-butadien dispersions (35 %), dispersions containing vinyl acetate (32 %), styrene and styrene-acrylate dispersions (25 %) and others in minor quantities. They have many applications coatings and paints, adhesives, textile finishing, paper coatings and others. When used as coatings the dispersions should be suitable for food contact. Many substances can be used as monomers ... 

Acrylic acid is almost exclusively used directly, or after conversion to an ester, as a monomer. Acrylate esters are produced by normal esterification processes. However, in dealing with acrylic acid, acrolein, or acrylates, unusual care must be taken to minimize losses due to polymerization and other side reactions such as additions of water, acids, or alcohols across the reactive double bond. Polyacrylic acids find use in superabsorbers, dispersants, and water treatment. The polyesters are used in surface coatings, textile fibers, adhesives, and various other applications. 

Polymers based on acrylic acid are highly hydrophilic and are utilized in different applications that include superadsorbent materials, flocculants and dispersants. Polyacrylates and their copolymers range from soft and flexible materials to hard plastics, applied in the production of coatings, paints, binders and adhesives. Their applications include the manufacture of cars e.g., coatings, upholsteries and adhesives) and the textile e.g., binders for fiberfill and nonwoven fabrics), paper and leather industries. Methyl acrylate is mainly utilized for copolymerization with acrylonitrile to improve the dyeability of fibres. 

Most vinyl acetate is converted into polyvinyl acetate (PVA) which is used in the manufacture of dispersions for paints and binders and as a raw material for paints. It is also copolymerized with vinyl chloride and ethylene and to a lesser extent with acrylic esters. A substantial proportion of vinyl acetate is converted into polyvinyl alcohol by saponification or transesterification of polyvinyl acetate. The main applications for polyvinyl alcohol are either as raw material for adhesives or for fibres. It is also employed in textile finishing and paper glueing, and as a dispersion agent (protective colloid). The world production capacity of PVA was 4.35 Mt/a in 2005, of which 2.1 Mt were converted into polyvinyl alcohol. 

Aqueous dispersions of poly(vinyl acetate) and vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers, homo- and copolymers of acrylic monomers, and styrene-butadiene copolymers are the most important types of polymer latexes today. Applications include paints, coatings, adhesives, paper manufacturing, leather manufacturing, textiles and other industries. In addition to emulsion polymerization, other aqueous free-radical polymerizations are applied on a large scale. In suspension polymerization a water-irnrniscible olefinic monomer is also polymerized. However, by contrast to emulsion polymerization a monomer-soluble initiator is employed, and usually no surfactant is added. Polymerization occurs in the monomer droplets, with kinetics similar to bulk polymerization. The particles obtained are much larger (>15 pm) than in emulsion polymerization, and they do not form stable latexes but precipitate during polymerization (Scheme 7.2). 

Ram Pofymer 110. [Atramax] Ammonium acrylate crosslinkable dispersing agent for pigments used in textiles vehicle for flexo inks. 

Products of Emulsion Polymerizalion. This is the most useful process for polymerizing the acrylate esters, producing stable dispersions with excellent film-forming properties. These acrylate dispersions are employed in the paper, rubber, textile, leather, and paint industries. 

Chem. T scrip. Sodium alkylaryl ethoxy sulfate Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, acrylates, methacrylates, styr ene, butadiene for paper coatings, textile coalings, paints, adhesives, industrial coatings base for scrub soaps, rug shampoos, general detergent applies. lime soap dispersant properties Gardner 5 clear liq. sp.gr. 1.06 dens. 8.8 Ib/gal vise. 1500 cps max. cloud pt. 20 C max. pH 7.5-9.0 (10%) surf. tens. 37 dynes/ cm ( CMC) anionic 26-28% act. 

Uses Primary emulsifier and stabilizer for vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate/ acrylic, all acrylic, styrene/acrylic, and S/B emulsion copolymers wetting agent, dispersant for agric. formulations surfactant for adhesives, paints, paper, textiles, and industrial coatings food pkg. adhesives component of paper/paperboard in contact with dry foods Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 175.105,176.180 EPA compliance BGAXIV compliance... 

Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, acrylates, methacrylates, styrene, butadiene for paints, adhesives, paper, textile, and industrial coatings stabilizer wetting agent, dispersant for agric. formulations food pkg. adhesives, paper Features Provides mech. and freeze/thaw stability Regulatory FDA21CFR 175.105,176.180 BGA XIV compliance Properties Pale yel. liq. sp.gr. 1.06 vise. Ill cks pour pt. 8 C surf. tens. 40 dynes/cm (1%) anionic 30% solids Abex EP-277 [Rhodia HPCII]... 

Chem. Descrip. Alkyl glyceride EO adduct Uses Surfactant, emulsifier for agric., o/w emulsions, lubricants emulsifier for oils, fats, waxes, polyesters, acrylics softener rewetting agent pigment dispersant lubricant additive dye assistant in paints, textiles, leather... 

Uses Acrylic film-former in protective metal coatings, latex paints, ceramics, adhesives, textiles, cosmetics, paper, leather, floor polishes, chemir spedalties exc. dispersant, leveling, and binding chars. plasticizer for solv. or waterborne systems provides exc. pigment wetting Features Thermoplastic... 

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