Tetraethyl

BrCHi CHjBr. A colourless liquid with a sweet odour, m.p. 10°C, b.p. 132°C. Manufactured by passing ethene through bromine or bromine and water at about 20 C. Chemical properties similar to those of 1,2-dichloroethane when heated with alkali hydroxides, vinyl bromide is formed. Used extensively in petrols to combine with the lead formed by the decomposition of lead tetraethyl, as a fumigant for stored products and as a nematocide. 

TEL, Et4pb. Lead tetraethyl, fellurates Formally salts containing oxy-anions of tellurium. Tellurales(VI) contain octahedral [TeO ] " species and derivatives of these. Tellurates(IV), tellurites, contain [TeOa] " species. 

A motor fuel has an octane number X if it behaves under tightly defined experimental conditions the same as a mixture of X volume % of isooctane and (100 - X)% of n-heptane. The isooctane-heptane binary mixtures are called primary reference fuels. Octane numbers higher than 100 can also be defined the reference material is isooctane with small quantities of tetraethyl lead added the way in which this additive acts will be discussed later. 

It is useful, nevertheless, to bring to mind their composition and their means of action (Goodacre, 1958). Several components of the same family can in reality be utilized tetraethyl lead, Pb ( 2115)4 or TEL, tetramethyl lead, Pb (CHg) or TML, mixtures of these products or yet mixed chemical components including various combinations of the groups C2Hg and CH3 Pb ( 2115)2 ( 113)2, Pb ( 2115)3 113, Pb ( 2Hg) ( 113)3. 

Lead content (NF EN 23830) The addition of lead (tetraethyl or tetra methyl) is forbidden ... 

Two derivatives are used to ensure constant lead content throughout the gasoline boiling range tetraethyl- and tetramethyl lead and their mixtures in variabie proportions. 

Goodacre, C. (1958), Les antidetonants, en particulier le plomb tetraethyle. Son passe, son present, son avenir . Congres de la Societe des Ingenieurs de I Automobile, Paris. 

Bromine is used in the manufacture of many important organic compounds including 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide), added to petrol to prevent lead deposition which occurs by decomposition of the anti-knock —lead tetraethyl bromomethane (methyl bromide), a fumigating agent, and several compounds used to reduce flammability of polyester plastics and epoxide resins. Silver(I) bromide is used extensively in the photographic industry... 

Its alloys include solder, type metal, and various antifriction metals. Great quantities of lead, both as the metal and as the dioxide, are used in storage batteries. Much metal also goes into cable covering, plumbing, ammunition, and in the manufacture of lead tetraethyl. 

EtOOC COOEt EtOOCCOOEt Tetraethyl 1,1,2,2-ethane-tetracarteqlate (21]... 

Union Carbide Corp. tetraethyl-ene glycol (TETRA) the solvent is free of water a dodecane re-flux is used which is later recovered by distillation 100 reciprocating-plate extractor the extract leaving the primary ex-tractor is essen-tially free of feed ahphatics, and no further purification is necessary two-stage extraction uses dodecane as a displacement sol-vent in the second stage... 

Phosphoric Acid and Phosphorothioic Acid Anhydrides. The aUphatic organophosphoms esters originally developed by Schrader (27) are extremely toxic to mammals and are largely of historic interest. Tetraethyl pyrophosphate [107-49-3] (40) (bp 104—110°C at 10.7 Pa, d 1.185, vp 6.1 mPa at 30°C) is miscible with water and hydrolyzes very rapidly with a half-life of 6.8 h at 25°C. The rat LD qS ate 1.1 (oral) and 2.4 (dermal) mg/kg. 

In the normal process ( ), step (J) occurs very rapidly and step (/) is the rate-determining step, whereas in the inhibition process (B), step (3) occurs very slowly, generally over a matter of days, so that it is rate determining. Thus it has been demonstrated with AChE that insecticides, eg, tetraethyl pyrophosphate and mevinphos, engage in first-order reactions with the enzyme the inhibited enzyme is a relatively stable phosphorylated compound containing one mole of phosphoms per mole of enzyme and as a result of the reaction, an equimolar quantity of alcohoHc or acidic product HX is hberated. 

Iron hahdes react with haHde salts to afford anionic haHde complexes. Because kon(III) is a hard acid, the complexes that it forms are most stable with F and decrease ki both coordination number and stabiHty with heavier haHdes. No stable F complexes are known. [FeF (H20)] is the predominant kon fluoride species ki aqueous solution. The [FeF ] ion can be prepared ki fused salts. Whereas six-coordinate [FeCy is known, four-coordinate complexes are favored for chloride. Salts of tetrahedral [FeCfy] can be isolated if large cations such as tetraphenfyarsonium or tetra alkylammonium are used. [FeBrJ is known but is thermally unstable and disproportionates to kon(II) and bromine. Complex anions of kon(II) hahdes are less common. [FeCfy] has been obtained from FeCfy by reaction with alkaH metal chlorides ki the melt or with tetraethyl ammonium chloride ki deoxygenated ethanol. 

The reduction ia tetraethyl lead for gasoline production is expected to iacrease the demand for petroleum alkylate both ia the U.S. and abroad. Alkylate producers have a choice of either a hydrofluoric acid or sulfuric acid process. Both processes are widely used. However, concerns over the safety or potential regulation of hydrofluoric acid seem likely to convince more refiners to use the sulfuric acid process for future alkylate capacity. 

TYZOR TPT and the tetraethyl titanate, TYZOR ET [3087-36-3], have also been prepared by direct electrochemical synthesis. The reaction involves anode dissolution of titanium in the presence of the appropriate alcohol and a conductive admixture (3). 

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