Tin tetraethyl

Tiffeneau rearrangement, 34, 19 Tiglic aldehyde, diethyl acetal, 32, 5 Tin, tetraethyl-, 36, 86 Tin tetrachloride, 36, 87 o-Tolualdehyde, 30, 99 TOLUENE-a,a-DIOL, 0-NITRO-, DIACETATE, 36, 58... 

Antidetonanti, in Ital and Antidetonants, in Fr). Substances such as lead tetraethyl Pb(C2Hs )4 tin tetraethyl Sn(CjHs)4, ferro-earbonyl Fe(CO)5, nickel carbonyl Ni(C0)4, aniline, etc possess the property of preventing knock in internal combustion engines and for this reason are also called "antiknock substances. For their description see Refs 3,5,7 8... 

In another series of experiments it was found that addn of small quantities of so-called "antidetonating substances ("antidetonants, in Fr), such as tin tetraethyl(Ref 1), reduced the flash, because these "antidetonants acted as "antioxidants since they prevented the formation of peroxides... 

Some of the "antidetonants, such as tin tetraethyl, were proposed in France (Ref 6) as additives (in small quantities) to propellants as "flash reducing substances ("substances antilueurs, in Fr). The idea was based on the hypothesis that on the burning of a propellant such substances would evolve a dust of extremely small solid particles which when dispersed through the gases such as CO H2 would cool them thus preventing their combustion... 

The heat of formation of tin tetraethyl is quoted by Long and Norrish i, and they obtain E G -Sn) =81 kcal. This is based on Zc = 190 kcal, a value of 50 9 kcal for the heat of atomization of tin, and an excitation energy of 113 2 kcal to the appropriate excited state. Reduced to ground state atoms, and taking our values of heats of atomization E G - Sn) becomes 45 kcal. The same result is obtained using the bond energy term values given here. 

The molecular refraction and dispersion of zinc diethyl compared with tin tetraethyl is as follows — ... 

Stannous chloride. Tin tetraethyl. Eraiildandand Lawrance, Tram. Chem. Soc., 1879, 35, 130. 

Tin diethyl di-iodide. Tin tetraethyl. Buckton, ibid. ihunkland, Annalen, 1859, iii, 46. 

When heated with powdered tin it forms tin tetraethyl.- ... 

Mercury di-n-propyl Mercury di-isoamyL Tin tetraethyl Tin dimethyl diethyl... 

Controlled surface reaction (CSR) of tin tetraethyl with hydrogen adsorbed on... 

Figure 46 shows the dependence of the rate of surface reaction (24) and the rate of alkylation as a function of the amount of surface metallic copper atoms in the catalyst. " The rate of surface reaction (24) increases with the amount of metallic copper. This behavior can be expected as the reaction of tin tetraethyl with adsorbed hydrogen takes place only on metallic copper surface sites (Cu°surface)- ° Contrary to that, as emerges from Figure 46, the alkylation activity of the catalyst decreases with increasing the amount of zero valence surface copper atoms in the catalyst. 

Carbon-Metallic Linkages. Compounds containing such linkages may be cleaved by hydrogenolysis to give the metal and hydrocarbons. Thus, lead tetraphenyl on treatment with hydrogen at a pressure of 1,000 psig and a temperature of 200°C yields lead and benzene. Tin tetraethyl on Rimilar treatment is converted to tin and ethane. 

Cadmium dimethyl OT-Xylidine Triphenylarsine Titanium tetrachloride Tin tetraethyl Stannic chloride Diethyl selenide Bismuth triethyl Diethyl telluride Nickel carbonyl Iron carbonyl Lead tetraethyl... 

Fio. 1. Proton NMR spectrum of tin tetraethyl at 60 Mc/sec (main multiplet only). The calculated spectrum (bottom) is the theoretical AsBj spectrum with[yAB/SAB] — 0.350, after Narasimhan and Rogers 26S) (reproduced with permission). 

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