Testing and classification

The effects of corrosion on other properties need similar direct assessment in many cases. However, in the absence of accepted standard tests the BS, DIN, ISO tests for laboratory glassware are often used. At the present time, the British Standard BS 3473 Methods of testing and classification of the chemical resistance of glass used in the production of laboratory glassware is being re-issued in six parts, of which the first five parts are identical to recently revised ISO test procedures. There are also corresponding DIN tests in some cases which are very similar. The current situation is ... 

However, the differences between the national test methods are considered to be the major barrier to trade. Whilst the harmonization of test and classification systems is insufficient on its own to provide for a free market, it is undoubtedly a necessary condition to it. Without a common method of evaluating the fire behaviour, there is no basis for a common regulatory specification. 

It is envisaged that the interim solution will operate in parallel with the various national test and classification procedures until such a time that the final unified European system is available. 

Proper safety testing and classification of pyrotechnic energetic capacity will allow the selection of appropriate, remotely operated, cormerciaily available equipment. This equipment can be installed in less costly structures and plant sites for the manufacture of pyrotechnic materials in a safe and economical manner. 

Standard Methods of Tests and Classification for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture 1989. 

Kameya T, Murayama T, Kitano M, et al. 1995. Testing and classification methods for the biodegradabilities of organic compounds under anaerobic conditions. Sci Total Environ 170 31-41. 

NFPA 259 Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials NFPA 260 Standard Methods of Tests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture... 

Goals of Testing and Classification of Test Methods Nonelectrochemical Methods Electrochemical and Electrical Methods Barrier Characteristics of Coatings Adhesion of Organic Coatings Transport Properties of Coatings Other Film Properties Corrosion Resistance of Painted Metals... 

Deficiencies in the Testing and Classification of Dangerous Materials , See Ref 8, pp 199—205 10) H.G. Johnson, Designing Remote Control Shelters for Personnel Safety , See Ref 8, pp 585-598 11) J. Petes, Blast and Frag-... 

For variances estimated as s s, t and F would replace z and x I respectively, for hypothesis testing. To estimate the power of the tests, the corresponding non-central distributions would be employed. The non-centrality parameter for the F distribution is the same as for x. This means that even in the best of circumstances (orthogonal variables) this approach to the Identification limit or power requires homogeneity of variance and knowledge of a. (See reference (74 ) for a discussion of these Issues, as well as an in-depth treatment of multivariate hypothesis testing and classification.)... 

The testing and classification of solid rod specimens in the horizontal and vertical position on the basis of UL 94 has spread world-wide and has been adapted by the ISO system. In the draft proposal ISO DP 1210.2-1984, dimensions of test specimens have been adjusted to conform with the European pattern, but in the 1986 version, the original American sizes were restorted. While arrangement and ignition schedule are identical to UL 94 both in horizontal and in vertical position, the flammability rating of horizontal rod specimens is different, defining three classes in contrast to the single one of UL 94. Similarities and differences of the two standards are collected in Tables 3.8 and 3.9. 

Moves to harmonise fire safety assessment for building products in Europe has sparked a major shake-up in the flammability testing and classification of polymer materials [2]. As far back as 1998, over 30 tests were in use and more have been developed since then. The most radical change will be the introduction of the Single Burning Item for class B, C and D materials of intermediate combustibility, including most plastics. 

The primary standards covering minimum requirements for the design, performance, testing, and classification of protective footwear against a variety of hazards that can potentially result in injury (see Figure A.6). These tests include impact resistance for the toe area of footwear compression resistance for the toe area of footwear metatarsal impact protection that reduces the chance of injury to the metatarsal bones at the top of the foot conductive properties that reduce hazards... 

Even though there have been many improvements in the harmonisation of fire testing, there are still many different testing and classification requirements to be defined for a number of products depending on the area of application, such as marine applications where IMO fire testing is one of the few global systems, constmction products where Constmction Product Directive-related harmonisation is at last to take place in Europe, aircraft, railways, cables, etc. 

The process of harmonisation for the testing of the reaction of building materials to fire has been going for over a decade. The culmination of all the effort over the years has emerged as a pan-European testing and classification system that divides such materials into classes Al, A2, B, C, D, E and F. The test methods to be followed are ... 

Fire testing and classification of building and other materials are based on certain flammability characteristics such as flame spread, ignition temperature, smoke development, non-combustibility, fire resistance, rate of heat release, oxygen index, etc. Some of them are briefly discussed in the following paragraphs [124-126]. 

European Standard EN 350-1, 1994. Durability of wood and wood-based products - Natural durability of solid wood - Part 1 Guide to the principles of testing and classification of the natural durability of wood. 

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